ubuntu 20.04 初始安装，一篇就够了（root 帐号开启 SSH 登录、设置静态ip、go安装、git安装、编译环境安装、docker安装、安装xgo）-陌上烟雨遥

一、root 帐号开启 SSH 登录

Ubuntu默认不开启root账户是一种保护机制，尤其保护小白用户。在非root账户里，至少你用sudo激情删库之前，系统还要你输个密码冷静一下；如果登入了root账户，删系统关键文件的前后，可能得不到任何提示，系统当即崩溃（或者重启崩溃）是很危险的事情。所以root账户能不开就不开，强烈推荐等你对系统有充分了解并且熟知各项命令之后再开。

Ubuntu默认是没有开启root账户登录选项的，想要在启动系统时用root账户登录系统，需要自己进行额外的设置。


<span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">passwd</span> root 
<span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">passwd</span> root 
sudo passwd root

执行命令后，首先输入当前账户密码，确认无误后，系统会提示Enter new UNIX password，这是root密码，自行设置。注意在Ubuntu的命令行中，输入的密码是不可见的，只需要输入之后回车即可。


<span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">vim</span> /etc/ssh/sshd_config 
<span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">vim</span> /etc/ssh/sshd_config 
sudo vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config

将PermitRootLogin prohibit-password
更改为：

PermitRootLogin yes

重启ssh服务：


<span class="token function">sudo</span> systemctl restart sshd 
<span class="token function">sudo</span> systemctl restart sshd 
sudo systemctl restart sshd

再次进行远程登录，即可成功：

修改server端的etc/ssh/sshd_config


<span class="token function">vi</span> /etc/ssh/sshd_config 
<span class="token function">vi</span> /etc/ssh/sshd_config 
vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config


ClientAliveInterval <span class="token number">60</span> ＃server每隔60秒发送一次请求给client，然后client响应，从而保持连接 ClientAliveCountMax <span class="token number">30</span> ＃server发出请求后，客户端没有响应得次数达到30，就自动断开连接，正常情况下，client不会不响应 TCPKeepAlive <span class="token function">yes</span> 
ClientAliveInterval <span class="token number">60</span> ＃server每隔60秒发送一次请求给client，然后client响应，从而保持连接 ClientAliveCountMax <span class="token number">30</span> ＃server发出请求后，客户端没有响应得次数达到30，就自动断开连接，正常情况下，client不会不响应 TCPKeepAlive <span class="token function">yes</span> 
ClientAliveInterval 60 ＃server每隔60秒发送一次请求给client，然后client响应，从而保持连接 ClientAliveCountMax 30 ＃server发出请求后，客户端没有响应得次数达到30，就自动断开连接，正常情况下，client不会不响应 TCPKeepAlive yes

这样，SSH Server 每 60 秒就会自动发送一个信号给 Client，而等待 Client 回应，（注意：是服务器发心跳信号，不是客户端)，如果客户端没有回应，会记录下来直到记录数超过 ClientAliveCountMax 的值时，才会断开连接。


systemctl reload sshd 
systemctl reload sshd 
systemctl reload sshd

如果你没有服务器端管理权限，在客户端进行设置也可以实现
只要在/etc/ssh/ssh_config文件里加两个参数就行了


<span class="token function">vi</span> /etc/ssh/ssh_config 
<span class="token function">vi</span> /etc/ssh/ssh_config 
vi /etc/ssh/ssh_config


TCPKeepAlive <span class="token function">yes</span> ServerAliveInterval <span class="token number">300</span> 
TCPKeepAlive <span class="token function">yes</span> ServerAliveInterval <span class="token number">300</span> 
TCPKeepAlive yes ServerAliveInterval 300

前一个参数是说要保持连接，后一个参数表示每过5分钟发一个数据包到服务器表示“我还活着”

如果你没有root权限，修改或者创建 ~/.ssh/ssh_config也是可以的。


<span class="token function">vi</span> ~/.ssh/ssh_config 
<span class="token function">vi</span> ~/.ssh/ssh_config 
vi ~/.ssh/ssh_config

在这种方法中，如果你只想针对某一个ssh连接进行持续, 你也可以直接在连接命令中进行设定


<span class="token function">ssh</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-o</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">TCPKeepAlive</span><span class="token operator">=</span>yes <span class="token parameter variable">-o</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">ServerAliveInterval</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">300</span> root@139.198.178.237 
<span class="token function">ssh</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-o</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">TCPKeepAlive</span><span class="token operator">=</span>yes <span class="token parameter variable">-o</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">ServerAliveInterval</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">300</span> root@139.198.178.237 
ssh -o TCPKeepAlive=yes -o ServerAliveInterval=300 root@139.198.178.237

二、ubuntu 20.04 设置静态ip

先确认你要修改的网卡号


<span class="token function">ip</span> addr 
<span class="token function">ip</span> addr 
ip addr

Ubuntu20配置值静态ip时需要修改/etc/netplan下面


<span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">vim</span> /etc/netplan/00-installer-config.yaml 
<span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">vim</span> /etc/netplan/00-installer-config.yaml 
sudo vim /etc/netplan/00-installer-config.yaml


 <span class="token key atrule">network</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token key atrule">ethernets</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token key atrule">enp0s3</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>  <span class="token key atrule">dhcp4</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token boolean important">false</span>  <span class="token key atrule">addresses</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">-</span> 192.168.5.171/24  <span class="token key atrule">gateway4</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 192.168.5.1  <span class="token key atrule">nameservers</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>  <span class="token key atrule">addresses</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>202.96.128.166<span class="token punctuation">,</span>223.5.5.5<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token key atrule">version</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">2</span> 
 <span class="token key atrule">network</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token key atrule">ethernets</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token key atrule">enp0s3</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>  <span class="token key atrule">dhcp4</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token boolean important">false</span>  <span class="token key atrule">addresses</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">-</span> 192.168.5.171/24  <span class="token key atrule">gateway4</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 192.168.5.1  <span class="token key atrule">nameservers</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>  <span class="token key atrule">addresses</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>202.96.128.166<span class="token punctuation">,</span>223.5.5.5<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token key atrule">version</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">2</span> 
 network: ethernets: enp0s3:  dhcp4: false  addresses: - 192.168.5.171/24  gateway4: 192.168.5.1  nameservers:  addresses: [202.96.128.166,223.5.5.5] version: 2

使用ip生效


<span class="token function">sudo</span> netplan apply <span class="token function">ip</span> addr 
<span class="token function">sudo</span> netplan apply <span class="token function">ip</span> addr 
sudo netplan apply ip addr

如果应用么有生效，我们可以通过命令测试配置文件。


<span class="token function">sudo</span> netplan try 
<span class="token function">sudo</span> netplan try 
sudo netplan try

注意：
还有一个点，平时，我们需要注意，比如我们把一个镜像导入到另外一个环境中，要留意新环境下，我们的接口名是不是变了，注意修改配置文件中的这个接口enp0s3名字！

三、[推荐]官网安装包安装指定版本go

推荐：参考URL: https://docker.blog.csdn.net/article/details/106640377

1）下载安装
安装1.17.2 版本go


 <span class="token function">wget</span> https://golang.google.cn/dl/go1.17.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz <span class="token parameter variable">-O</span> /tmp/go1.17.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz <span class="token function">mkdir</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-p</span> <span class="token environment constant">$HOME</span>/go <span class="token function">tar</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-xvzf</span> /tmp/go1.17.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz <span class="token parameter variable">-C</span> 
 <span class="token function">wget</span> https://golang.google.cn/dl/go1.17.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz <span class="token parameter variable">-O</span> /tmp/go1.17.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz <span class="token function">mkdir</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-p</span> <span class="token environment constant">$HOME</span>/go <span class="token function">tar</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-xvzf</span> /tmp/go1.17.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz <span class="token parameter variable">-C</span> 
 wget https://golang.google.cn/dl/go1.17.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz -O /tmp/go1.17.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz mkdir -p $HOME/go tar -xvzf /tmp/go1.17.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C