虚拟机安装Ubuntu18.04及基本配置！!看这一篇就够了！

下载安装VMware Workstation Pro

下载Ubuntu镜像

下载linux内核（如果要重新编译内核就下载）

具体安装细节可参照其他详细教程，这里我就不多说啦。安装完后可以把系统语言设置为中文。

更换软件源

Ubuntu 的源存放在在 /etc/apt/ 目录下的 sources.list 文件中，修改前我们先备份，在终端中执行以下命令：

sudo cp <span class="token operator">/</span>etc<span class="token operator">/</span>apt<span class="token operator">/</span>sources<span class="token punctuation">.</span>list <span class="token operator">/</span>etc<span class="token operator">/</span>apt<span class="token operator">/</span>sources<span class="token punctuation">.</span>list<span class="token punctuation">.</span>bcakup 
sudo cp <span class="token operator">/</span>etc<span class="token operator">/</span>apt<span class="token operator">/</span>sources<span class="token punctuation">.</span>list <span class="token operator">/</span>etc<span class="token operator">/</span>apt<span class="token operator">/</span>sources<span class="token punctuation">.</span>list<span class="token punctuation">.</span>bcakup 
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bcakup 

然后执行下面的命令打开 sources.list 文件，清空里面的内容，把下面阿里云与清华大学的 Ubuntu 源复制进去，保存后退出。

sudo gedit <span class="token operator">/</span>etc<span class="token operator">/</span>apt<span class="token operator">/</span>sources<span class="token punctuation">.</span>list 
sudo gedit <span class="token operator">/</span>etc<span class="token operator">/</span>apt<span class="token operator">/</span>sources<span class="token punctuation">.</span>list 
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list 

阿里云与清华大学的 Ubuntu 源：

#阿里源 deb http<span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">/</span>mirrors<span class="token punctuation">.</span>aliyun<span class="token punctuation">.</span>com<span class="token operator">/</span>ubuntu<span class="token operator">/</span> focal main restricted universe multiverse deb<span class="token operator">-</span>src http<span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">/</span>mirrors<span class="token punctuation">.</span>aliyun<span class="token punctuation">.</span>com<span class="token operator">/</span>ubuntu<span class="token operator">/</span> focal main restricted universe multiverse deb http<span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">/</span>mirrors<span class="token punctuation">.</span>aliyun<span class="token punctuation">.</span>com<span class="token operator">/</span>ubuntu<span class="token operator">/</span> focal<span class="token operator">-</span>security main restricted universe multiverse deb<span class="token operator">-</span>src http<span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">/</span>mirrors<span class="token punctuation">.</span>aliyun<span class="token punctuation">.</span>com<span class="token operator">/</span>ubuntu<span class="token operator">/</span> focal<span class="token operator">-</span>security main restricted universe multiverse deb http<span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">/</span>mirrors<span class="token punctuation">.</span>aliyun<span class="token punctuation">.</span>com<span class="token operator">/</span>ubuntu<span class="token operator">/</span> focal<span class="token operator">-</span>updates main restricted universe multiverse deb<span class="token operator">-</span>src http<span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">/</span>mirrors<span class="token punctuation">.</span>aliyun<span class="token punctuation">.</span>com<span class="token operator">/</span>ubuntu<span class="token operator">/</span> focal<span class="token operator">-</span>updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http<span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">/</span>mirrors<span class="token punctuation">.</span>aliyun<span class="token punctuation">.</span>com<span class="token operator">/</span>ubuntu<span class="token operator">/</span> focal<span class="token operator">-</span>backports main restricted universe multiverse deb<span class="token operator">-</span>src http<span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">/</span>mirrors<span class="token punctuation">.</span>aliyun<span class="token punctuation">.</span>com<span class="token operator">/</span>ubuntu<span class="token operator">/</span> focal<span class="token operator">-</span>backports main restricted universe multiverse deb http<span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">/</span>mirrors<span class="token punctuation">.</span>aliyun<span class="token punctuation">.</span>com<span class="token operator">/</span>ubuntu<span class="token operator">/</span> focal<span class="token operator">-</span>proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb<span class="token operator">-</span>src http<span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">/</span>mirrors<span class="token punctuation">.</span>aliyun<span class="token punctuation">.</span>com<span class="token operator">/</span>ubuntu<span class="token operator">/</span> focal<span class="token operator">-</span>proposed main restricted universe multiverse 
#阿里源 deb http<span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">/</span>mirrors<span class="token punctuation">.</span>aliyun<span class="token punctuation">.</span>com<span class="token operator">/</span>ubuntu<span class="token operator">/</span> focal main restricted universe multiverse deb<span class="token operator">-</span>src http<span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">/</span>mirrors<span class="token punctuation">.</span>aliyun<span class="token punctuation">.</span>com<span class="token operator">/</span>ubuntu<span class="token operator">/</span> focal main restricted universe multiverse deb http<span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">/</span>mirrors<span class="token punctuation">.</span>aliyun<span class="token punctuation">.</span>com<span class="token operator">/</span>ubuntu<span class="token operator">/</span> focal<span class="token operator">-</span>security main restricted universe multiverse deb<span class="token operator">-</span>src http<span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">/</span>mirrors<span class="token punctuation">.</span>aliyun<span class="token punctuation">.</span>com<span class="token operator">/</span>ubuntu<span class="token operator">/</span> focal<span class="token operator">-</span>security main restricted universe multiverse deb http<span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">/</span>mirrors<span class="token punctuation">.</span>aliyun<span class="token punctuation">.</span>com<span class="token operator">/</span>ubuntu<span class="token operator">/</span> focal<span class="token operator">-</span>updates main restricted universe multiverse deb<span class="token operator">-</span>src http<span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">/</span>mirrors<span class="token punctuation">.</span>aliyun<span class="token punctuation">.</span>com<span class="token operator">/</span>ubuntu<span class="token operator">/</span> focal<span class="token operator">-</span>updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http<span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">/</span>mirrors<span class="token punctuation">.</span>aliyun<span class="token punctuation">.</span>com<span class="token operator">/</span>ubuntu<span class="token operator">/</span> focal<span class="token operator">-</span>backports main restricted universe multiverse deb<span class="token operator">-</span>src http<span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">/</span>mirrors<span class="token punctuation">.</span>aliyun<span class="token punctuation">.</span>com<span class="token operator">/</span>ubuntu<span class="token operator">/</span> focal<span class="token operator">-</span>backports main restricted universe multiverse deb http<span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">/</span>mirrors<span class="token punctuation">.</span>aliyun<span class="token punctuation">.</span>com<span class="token operator">/</span>ubuntu<span class="token operator">/</span> focal<span class="token operator">-</span>proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb<span class="token operator">-</span>src http<span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">/</span>mirrors<span class="token punctuation">.</span>aliyun<span class="token punctuation">.</span>com<span class="token operator">/</span>ubuntu<span class="token operator">/</span> focal<span class="token operator">-</span>proposed main restricted universe multiverse 
#阿里源 deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse 

更新软件

在终端上执行以下命令更新软件列表，检测出可以更新的软件：

sudo apt<span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token keyword">get</span> update 
sudo apt<span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token keyword">get</span> update 
sudo apt-get update 

接着在终端上执行以下命令进行软件更新：

sudo apt<span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token keyword">get</span> upgrade 
sudo apt<span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token keyword">get</span> upgrade 
sudo apt-get upgrade 

安装基本工具

sudo apt install <span class="token operator">-</span>y vim curl wget net<span class="token operator">-</span>tools 
sudo apt install <span class="token operator">-</span>y vim curl wget net<span class="token operator">-</span>tools 
sudo apt install -y vim curl wget net-tools 

配置十字光标：用户目录下

vim <span class="token punctuation">.</span>vimrc 
vim <span class="token punctuation">.</span>vimrc 
vim .vimrc 

然后输入以下内容：

<span class="token keyword">set</span> nu <span class="token keyword">set</span> tabstop<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token keyword">set</span> cuc <span class="token keyword">set</span> cul 
<span class="token keyword">set</span> nu <span class="token keyword">set</span> tabstop<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token keyword">set</span> cuc <span class="token keyword">set</span> cul 
set nu set tabstop=4 set cuc set cul 

如果出现依赖错误，那么就输入sudo apt install -f 解决依赖错误问题即可

Ubuntu默认是不安装g++的

sudo apt install build<span class="token operator">-</span>essential 
sudo apt install build<span class="token operator">-</span>essential 
sudo apt install build-essential 

下面看自己爱好:
安装词法和语法分析器

sudo apt install flex sudo apt install bison 
sudo apt install flex sudo apt install bison 
sudo apt install flex sudo apt install bison 

sudo dpkg <span class="token operator">-</span>i google<span class="token operator">-</span>chrome<span class="token operator">-</span>stable_current_amd64<span class="token punctuation">.</span>deb 
sudo dpkg <span class="token operator">-</span>i google<span class="token operator">-</span>chrome<span class="token operator">-</span>stable_current_amd64<span class="token punctuation">.</span>deb 
sudo dpkg -i google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb 

如果出现依赖问题没有安装成功：

sudo apt install <span class="token operator">-</span>f 
sudo apt install <span class="token operator">-</span>f 
sudo apt install -f 

然后：

sudo dpkg <span class="token operator">-</span>i google<span class="token operator">-</span>chrome<span class="token operator">-</span>stable_current_amd64<span class="token punctuation">.</span>deb 
sudo dpkg <span class="token operator">-</span>i google<span class="token operator">-</span>chrome<span class="token operator">-</span>stable_current_amd64<span class="token punctuation">.</span>deb 
sudo dpkg -i google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb 

vscode下载地址
找到Linux x64 .deb
下载的文件名类似code_1.51.0-1604600753_amd64.deb
然后复制到虚拟机文件夹，在文件夹下打开终端，输入：

sudo dpkg <span class="token operator">-</span>i 对应的安装包名 
sudo dpkg <span class="token operator">-</span>i 对应的安装包名 
sudo dpkg -i 对应的安装包名 

如果出现依赖问题，执行：

sudo apt install <span class="token operator">-</span>f 
sudo apt install <span class="token operator">-</span>f 
sudo apt install -f 

然后再次安装vscode：

sudo dpkg <span class="token operator">-</span>i 对应的安装包名 
sudo dpkg <span class="token operator">-</span>i 对应的安装包名 
sudo dpkg -i 对应的安装包名 

1.点击左侧工具栏里"四个小方块"图标，在扩展商店里搜索"language"，点击Chinese（Simplified）并install，编译器就设置成中文了。
2.搜索"c++“，点击第一个"C/C++”，安装。
3.搜索"Code Runner"，安装，然后界面右上角会出现一个小三角形图标，可以通过点击它来编译运行代码。
4.如果发现代码的间距太小，看起来很难受，进入设置，找到"Editor: Font Family"，将其内容设置为’monospace’，搞定！然后"Editor: Font Size"也可以设置大一些，我推荐是18。
5.更换主题，这里推荐三个超好看的主题：

Material Theme Ocean Cyberpunk 2077 theme 
Material Theme Ocean Cyberpunk 2077 theme 
Material Theme Ocean Cyberpunk 2077 theme 

原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_43561345/article/details/109925547