【原创】Ubuntu Server 22.04 LTS 设置主机信息以及IP地址-陌上烟雨遥

1 安装网络工具，我们需要nmcli这个工具


<span class="token function">apt-get</span> <span class="token function">install</span> -y network-manager   
<span class="token function">apt-get</span> <span class="token function">install</span> -y network-manager   
apt-get install -y network-manager

2 查看网卡信息


root@ubuntu22:/home/libit <span class="token number">1</span>: lo: <span class="token operator"><</span>LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP<span class="token operator">></span> mtu <span class="token number">65536</span> qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen <span class="token number">1000</span> link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet <span class="token number">127.0</span>.0.1/8 scope <span class="token function">host</span> lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope <span class="token function">host</span> valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever <span class="token number">2</span>: ens160: <span class="token operator"><</span>BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP<span class="token operator">></span> mtu <span class="token number">1500</span> qdisc： mq state UP group default qlen <span class="token number">1000</span> link/ether 00:50:56:b6:68:a3 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff altname enp3s0 inet <span class="token number">192.168</span>.240.144/20 metric <span class="token number">100</span> brd <span class="token number">192.168</span>.255.255 scope global dynamic ens160 valid_lft 473sec preferred_lft 473sec inet6 fe80::250:56ff:feb6:68a3/64 scope <span class="token function">link</span> valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 
root@ubuntu22:/home/libit <span class="token number">1</span>: lo: <span class="token operator"><</span>LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP<span class="token operator">></span> mtu <span class="token number">65536</span> qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen <span class="token number">1000</span> link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet <span class="token number">127.0</span>.0.1/8 scope <span class="token function">host</span> lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope <span class="token function">host</span> valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever <span class="token number">2</span>: ens160: <span class="token operator"><</span>BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP<span class="token operator">></span> mtu <span class="token number">1500</span> qdisc： mq state UP group default qlen <span class="token number">1000</span> link/ether 00:50:56:b6:68:a3 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff altname enp3s0 inet <span class="token number">192.168</span>.240.144/20 metric <span class="token number">100</span> brd <span class="token number">192.168</span>.255.255 scope global dynamic ens160 valid_lft 473sec preferred_lft 473sec inet6 fe80::250:56ff:feb6:68a3/64 scope <span class="token function">link</span> valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 
root@ubuntu22:/home/libit 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc： mq state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 00:50:56:b6:68:a3 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff altname enp3s0 inet 192.168.240.144/20 metric 100 brd 192.168.255.255 scope global dynamic ens160 valid_lft 473sec preferred_lft 473sec inet6 fe80::250:56ff:feb6:68a3/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

得知网卡为 ens160

3 启用network-manager

编辑配置文件


<span class="token function">vim</span> /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf 
<span class="token function">vim</span> /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf 
vim /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf


<span class="token punctuation">[</span>main<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">plugins</span><span class="token operator">=</span>ifupdown,keyfile <span class="token punctuation">[</span>ifupdown<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">managed</span><span class="token operator">=</span>true <span class="token punctuation">[</span>device<span class="token punctuation">]</span> wifi.scan-rand-mac-address<span class="token operator">=</span>no 
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>main<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">plugins</span><span class="token operator">=</span>ifupdown,keyfile <span class="token punctuation">[</span>ifupdown<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">managed</span><span class="token operator">=</span>true <span class="token punctuation">[</span>device<span class="token punctuation">]</span> wifi.scan-rand-mac-address<span class="token operator">=</span>no 
[main] plugins=ifupdown,keyfile [ifupdown] managed=true [device] wifi.scan-rand-mac-address=no

设置 managed=true

4 编辑/etc/netplan/*.yaml


<span class="token function">vim</span> /etc/netplan/00-installer-config.yaml 
<span class="token function">vim</span> /etc/netplan/00-installer-config.yaml 
vim /etc/netplan/00-installer-config.yaml


 network: renderer: NetworkManager 
 network: renderer: NetworkManager 
 network: renderer: NetworkManager

network之下全部删除，添加 renderer: NetworkManager

5 应用netplan配置


netplan apply 
netplan apply 
netplan apply

此时会断网一下，如果使用DHCP的话，可能会获得新IP地址。

6 查看网卡信息

查看网卡信息


root@ubuntu081:/home/libit ens160: connected to Wired connection <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token string">"VMware VMXNET3"</span> ethernet <span class="token punctuation">(</span>vmxnet3<span class="token punctuation">)</span>, 00:50:56:B6:51:AD, hw, mtu <span class="token number">1500</span> ip4 default inet4 <span class="token number">192.168</span>.240.69/20 route4 <span class="token number">192.168</span>.240.0/20 metric <span class="token number">100</span> route4 default via <span class="token number">192.168</span>.240.1 metric <span class="token number">100</span> inet6 fe80::250:56ff:feb6:51ad/64 route6 fe80::/64 metric <span class="token number">256</span> lo: unmanaged <span class="token string">"lo"</span> loopback <span class="token punctuation">(</span>unknown<span class="token punctuation">)</span>, 00:00:00:00:00:00, sw, mtu <span class="token number">65536</span> DNS configuration: servers: <span class="token number">202.115</span>.128.33 <span class="token number">202.115</span>.128.34 <span class="token number">61.139</span>.2.69 domains: mlib.cdut.cn interface: ens160 Use <span class="token string">"nmcli device show"</span> to get complete information about known devices and <span class="token string">"nmcli connection show"</span> to get an overview on active connection profiles. Consult nmcli<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> and nmcli-examples<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">7</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> manual pages <span class="token keyword">for</span> complete usage details. 
root@ubuntu081:/home/libit ens160: connected to Wired connection <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token string">"VMware VMXNET3"</span> ethernet <span class="token punctuation">(</span>vmxnet3<span class="token punctuation">)</span>, 00:50:56:B6:51:AD, hw, mtu <span class="token number">1500</span> ip4 default inet4 <span class="token number">192.168</span>.240.69/20 route4 <span class="token number">192.168</span>.240.0/20 metric <span class="token number">100</span> route4 default via <span class="token number">192.168</span>.240.1 metric <span class="token number">100</span> inet6 fe80::250:56ff:feb6:51ad/64 route6 fe80::/64 metric <span class="token number">256</span> lo: unmanaged <span class="token string">"lo"</span> loopback <span class="token punctuation">(</span>unknown<span class="token punctuation">)</span>, 00:00:00:00:00:00, sw, mtu <span class="token number">65536</span> DNS configuration: servers: <span class="token number">202.115</span>.128.33 <span class="token number">202.115</span>.128.34 <span class="token number">61.139</span>.2.69 domains: mlib.cdut.cn interface: ens160 Use <span class="token string">"nmcli device show"</span> to get complete information about known devices and <span class="token string">"nmcli connection show"</span> to get an overview on active connection profiles. Consult nmcli<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> and nmcli-examples<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">7</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> manual pages <span class="token keyword">for</span> complete usage details. 
root@ubuntu081:/home/libit ens160: connected to Wired connection 1 "VMware VMXNET3" ethernet (vmxnet3), 00:50:56:B6:51:AD, hw, mtu 1500 ip4 default inet4 192.168.240.69/20 route4 192.168.240.0/20 metric 100 route4 default via 192.168.240.1 metric 100 inet6 fe80::250:56ff:feb6:51ad/64 route6 fe80::/64 metric 256 lo: unmanaged "lo" loopback (unknown), 00:00:00:00:00:00, sw, mtu 65536 DNS configuration: servers: 202.115.128.33 202.115.128.34 61.139.2.69 domains: mlib.cdut.cn interface: ens160 Use "nmcli device show" to get complete information about known devices and "nmcli connection show" to get an overview on active connection profiles. Consult nmcli(1) and nmcli-examples(7) manual pages for complete usage details.

得知：ens160 连接到 Wired connection 1

修改网卡id


nmcli connection modify <span class="token string">"Wired connection 1"</span> connection.id ens160 
nmcli connection modify <span class="token string">"Wired connection 1"</span> connection.id ens160 
nmcli connection modify "Wired connection 1" connection.id ens160

6 配置主机信息

配置主机名，设置IP地址


 hostnamectl set-hostname ubuntu081  nmcli connection modify ens160 ipv4.addresses <span class="token number">192.168</span>.250.81/20  nmcli connection modify ens160 ipv4.gateway <span class="token number">192.168</span>.240.1  nmcli connection modify ens160 ipv4.dns <span class="token number">192.168</span>.250.10,202.115.128.33,202.115.128.34  nmcli connection modify ens160 ipv4.method manual  nmcli connection modify ens160 ipv6.method disabled  nmcli connection up ens160 
 hostnamectl set-hostname ubuntu081  nmcli connection modify ens160 ipv4.addresses <span class="token number">192.168</span>.250.81/20  nmcli connection modify ens160 ipv4.gateway <span class="token number">192.168</span>.240.1  nmcli connection modify ens160 ipv4.dns <span class="token number">192.168</span>.250.10,202.115.128.33,202.115.128.34  nmcli connection modify ens160 ipv4.method manual  nmcli connection modify ens160 ipv6.method disabled  nmcli connection up ens160 
 hostnamectl set-hostname ubuntu081  nmcli connection modify ens160 ipv4.addresses 192.168.250.81/20  nmcli connection modify ens160 ipv4.gateway 192.168.240.1  nmcli connection modify ens160 ipv4.dns 192.168.250.10,202.115.128.33,202.115.128.34  nmcli connection modify ens160 ipv4.method manual  nmcli connection modify ens160 ipv6.method disabled  nmcli connection up ens160

此时会断网。然后使用新IP地址连接。

7 添加具有root权限的用户


 adduser testuser  <span class="token function">vi</span> /etc/sudoers 
 adduser testuser  <span class="token function">vi</span> /etc/sudoers 
 adduser testuser  vi /etc/sudoers

添加位置，在root之下，抄root参数


 root <span class="token assign-left variable">ALL</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ALL:ALL<span class="token punctuation">)</span> ALL testuser <span class="token assign-left variable">ALL</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ALL:ALL<span class="token punctuation">)</span> ALL 
 root <span class="token assign-left variable">ALL</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ALL:ALL<span class="token punctuation">)</span> ALL testuser <span class="token assign-left variable">ALL</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ALL:ALL<span class="token punctuation">)</span> ALL 
 root ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL testuser ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL