Ubuntu16.04完全配置-陌上烟雨遥

（此处我们分500G的空间给Ubuntu）

最后进BIOS是Ubuntu优先启动。。


sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.old 
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.old 
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.old


sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list 
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list 
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list


<span class="token preprocessor property"># deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 16.04 LTS _Xenial Xerus - Release amd64]/ xenial main restricted</span> <span class="token class-name">deb</span> http<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">/</span>mirrors<span class="token punctuation">.</span>aliyun<span class="token punctuation">.</span>com<span class="token operator">/</span>ubuntu<span class="token operator">/</span> xenial main deb<span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token class-name">src</span> http<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">/</span>mirrors<span class="token punctuation">.</span>aliyun<span class="token punctuation">.</span>com<span class="token operator">/</span>ubuntu<span class="token operator">/</span> xenial main <span class="token class-name">deb</span> http<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">/</span>mirrors<span class="token punctuation">.</span>aliyun<span class="token punctuation">.</span>com<span class="token operator">/</span>ubuntu<span class="token operator">/</span> xenial<span class="token operator">-</span>updates main deb<span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token class-name">src</span> http<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">/</span>mirrors<span class="token punctuation">.</span>aliyun<span class="token punctuation">.</span>com<span class="token operator">/</span>ubuntu<span class="token operator">/</span> xenial<span class="token operator">-</span>updates main <span class="token class-name">deb</span> http<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">/</span>mirrors<span class="token punctuation">.</span>aliyun<span class="token punctuation">.</span>com<span class="token operator">/</span>ubuntu<span class="token operator">/</span> xenial universe deb<span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token class-name">src</span> http<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">/</span>mirrors<span class="token punctuation">.</span>aliyun<span class="token punctuation">.</span>com<span class="token operator">/</span>ubuntu<span class="token operator">/</span> xenial universe <span class="token class-name">deb</span> http<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">/</span>mirrors<span class="token punctuation">.</span>aliyun<span class="token punctuation">.</span>com<span class="token operator">/</span>ubuntu<span class="token operator">/</span> xenial<span class="token operator">-</span>updates universe deb<span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token class-name">src</span> http<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">/</span>mirrors<span class="token punctuation">.</span>aliyun<span class="token punctuation">.</span>com<span class="token operator">/</span>ubuntu<span class="token operator">/</span> xenial<span class="token operator">-</span>updates universe <span class="token class-name">deb</span> http<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">/</span>mirrors<span class="token punctuation">.</span>aliyun<span class="token punctuation">.</span>com<span class="token operator">/</span>ubuntu<span class="token operator">/</span> xenial<span class="token operator">-</span>security main deb<span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token class-name">src</span> http<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">/</span>mirrors<span class="token punctuation">.</span>aliyun<span class="token punctuation">.</span>com<span class="token operator">/</span>ubuntu<span class="token operator">/</span> xenial<span class="token operator">-</span>security main <span class="token class-name">deb</span> http<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">/</span>mirrors<span class="token punctuation">.</span>aliyun<span class="token punctuation">.</span>com<span class="token operator">/</span>ubuntu<span class="token operator">/</span> xenial<span class="token operator">-</span>security universe deb<span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token class-name">src</span> http<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">/</span>mirrors<span class="token punctuation">.</span>aliyun<span class="token punctuation">.</span>com<span class="token operator">/</span>ubuntu<span class="token operator">/</span> xenial<span class="token operator">-</span>security universe 
<span class="token preprocessor property"># deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 16.04 LTS _Xenial Xerus - Release amd64]/ xenial main restricted</span> <span class="token class-name">deb</span> http<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">/</span>mirrors<span class="token punctuation">.</span>aliyun<span class="token punctuation">.</span>com<span class="token operator">/</span>ubuntu<span class="token operator">/</span> xenial main deb<span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token class-name">src</span> http<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">/</span>mirrors<span class="token punctuation">.</span>aliyun<span class="token punctuation">.</span>com<span class="token operator">/</span>ubuntu<span class="token operator">/</span> xenial main <span class="token class-name">deb</span> http<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">/</span>mirrors<span class="token punctuation">.</span>aliyun<span class="token punctuation">.</span>com<span class="token operator">/</span>ubuntu<span class="token operator">/</span> xenial<span class="token operator">-</span>updates main deb<span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token class-name">src</span> http<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">/</span>mirrors<span class="token punctuation">.</span>aliyun<span class="token punctuation">.</span>com<span class="token operator">/</span>ubuntu<span class="token operator">/</span> xenial<span class="token operator">-</span>updates main <span class="token class-name">deb</span> http<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">/</span>mirrors<span class="token punctuation">.</span>aliyun<span class="token punctuation">.</span>com<span class="token operator">/</span>ubuntu<span class="token operator">/</span> xenial universe deb<span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token class-name">src</span> http<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">/</span>mirrors<span class="token punctuation">.</span>aliyun<span class="token punctuation">.</span>com<span class="token operator">/</span>ubuntu<span class="token operator">/</span> xenial universe <span class="token class-name">deb</span> http<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">/</span>mirrors<span class="token punctuation">.</span>aliyun<span class="token punctuation">.</span>com<span class="token operator">/</span>ubuntu<span class="token operator">/</span> xenial<span class="token operator">-</span>updates universe deb<span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token class-name">src</span> http<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">/</span>mirrors<span class="token punctuation">.</span>aliyun<span class="token punctuation">.</span>com<span class="token operator">/</span>ubuntu<span class="token operator">/</span> xenial<span class="token operator">-</span>updates universe <span class="token class-name">deb</span> http<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">/</span>mirrors<span class="token punctuation">.</span>aliyun<span class="token punctuation">.</span>com<span class="token operator">/</span>ubuntu<span class="token operator">/</span> xenial<span class="token operator">-</span>security main deb<span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token class-name">src</span> http<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">/</span>mirrors<span class="token punctuation">.</span>aliyun<span class="token punctuation">.</span>com<span class="token operator">/</span>ubuntu<span class="token operator">/</span> xenial<span class="token operator">-</span>security main <span class="token class-name">deb</span> http<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">/</span>mirrors<span class="token punctuation">.</span>aliyun<span class="token punctuation">.</span>com<span class="token operator">/</span>ubuntu<span class="token operator">/</span> xenial<span class="token operator">-</span>security universe deb<span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token class-name">src</span> http<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">/</span>mirrors<span class="token punctuation">.</span>aliyun<span class="token punctuation">.</span>com<span class="token operator">/</span>ubuntu<span class="token operator">/</span> xenial<span class="token operator">-</span>security universe 
# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 16.04 LTS _Xenial Xerus - Release amd64]/ xenial main restricted deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe


sudo apt-get update 
sudo apt-get update 
sudo apt-get update


sudo passwd root 
sudo passwd root 
sudo passwd root


sudo apt install vim 
sudo apt install vim 
sudo apt install vim


sudo vim /etc/vim/vimrc 
sudo vim /etc/vim/vimrc 
sudo vim /etc/vim/vimrc

在最下面添加如下两行代码：


set nu <span class="token punctuation">(</span>添加行数<span class="token punctuation">)</span> set autoindent <span class="token punctuation">(</span>自动换行<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
set nu <span class="token punctuation">(</span>添加行数<span class="token punctuation">)</span> set autoindent <span class="token punctuation">(</span>自动换行<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
set nu (添加行数) set autoindent (自动换行)

注：sudo apt-get purge
(卸载指令，同时卸载相应的配置文件)


sudo apt-get install unity-tweak-tool 
sudo apt-get install unity-tweak-tool 
sudo apt-get install unity-tweak-tool


sudo add-apt-repository <span class="token property">ppa</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>noobslab/themes sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install flatabulous-theme 
sudo add-apt-repository <span class="token property">ppa</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>noobslab/themes sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install flatabulous-theme 
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:noobslab/themes sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install flatabulous-theme


sudo add-apt-repository <span class="token property">ppa</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>noobslab/icons sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install ultra-flat-icons 
sudo add-apt-repository <span class="token property">ppa</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>noobslab/icons sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install ultra-flat-icons 
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:noobslab/icons sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install ultra-flat-icons

Ubuntu系统预装的Firefox是通过脚本启动，但是firefox安装包里没有该启动脚本。因此不要卸载原国际版Firefox浏览器，此处采用替换法。


sudo mv /usr/lib/firefox /usr/lib/firefox_old 
sudo mv /usr/lib/firefox /usr/lib/firefox_old 
sudo mv /usr/lib/firefox /usr/lib/firefox_old


tar jxvf Firefox-latest-x86_64.tar.bz2 
tar jxvf Firefox-latest-x86_64.tar.bz2 
tar jxvf Firefox-latest-x86_64.tar.bz2


sudo mv firefox /usr/lib/firefox 
sudo mv firefox /usr/lib/firefox 
sudo mv firefox /usr/lib/firefox


sudo cp /usr/lib/firefox_old/firefox.sh /usr/lib/firefox/firefox.sh 
sudo cp /usr/lib/firefox_old/firefox.sh /usr/lib/firefox/firefox.sh 
sudo cp /usr/lib/firefox_old/firefox.sh /usr/lib/firefox/firefox.sh


sudo apt-get remove libreoffice-common （清理Libre office） sudo apt-get remove unity-webapps-common sudo apt-get remove thunderbird totem rhythmbox empathy brasero simple-scan gnome-mahjongg aisleriot sudo apt-get remove gnome-mines cheese transmission-common gnome-orca webbrowser-app gnome-sudoku landscape-client-ui-install sudo apt-get remove onboard deja-dup （清理亚马逊推广和不常用软件） 
sudo apt-get remove libreoffice-common （清理Libre office） sudo apt-get remove unity-webapps-common sudo apt-get remove thunderbird totem rhythmbox empathy brasero simple-scan gnome-mahjongg aisleriot sudo apt-get remove gnome-mines cheese transmission-common gnome-orca webbrowser-app gnome-sudoku landscape-client-ui-install sudo apt-get remove onboard deja-dup （清理亚马逊推广和不常用软件） 
sudo apt-get remove libreoffice-common （清理Libre office） sudo apt-get remove unity-webapps-common sudo apt-get remove thunderbird totem rhythmbox empathy brasero simple-scan gnome-mahjongg aisleriot sudo apt-get remove gnome-mines cheese transmission-common gnome-orca webbrowser-app gnome-sudoku landscape-client-ui-install sudo apt-get remove onboard deja-dup （清理亚马逊推广和不常用软件）

出现home空间不足问题，通过指令查找大文件解决：


df <span class="token operator">-</span>h 
df <span class="token operator">-</span>h 
df -h


sudo du -d 1 -k /home/* | sort -n -r 
sudo du -d 1 -k /home/* | sort -n -r 
sudo du -d 1 -k /home/* | sort -n -r


sudo rm <span class="token operator">-</span>fr $HOME<span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>local<span class="token operator">/</span>share<span class="token operator">/</span>Trash<span class="token operator">/</span>files<span class="token operator">/</span> 
sudo rm <span class="token operator">-</span>fr $HOME<span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>local<span class="token operator">/</span>share<span class="token operator">/</span>Trash<span class="token operator">/</span>files<span class="token operator">/</span> 
sudo rm -fr $HOME/.local/share/Trash/files/

可使用 fbterm ，一个支持中文显示的控制台。


sudo apt-get install fbterm 
sudo apt-get install fbterm 
sudo apt-get install fbterm


sudo fbterm 
sudo fbterm 
sudo fbterm


Ctrl+Alt+e 
Ctrl+Alt+e 
Ctrl+Alt+e

最新方法：确保驱动已经卸载干净


sudo apt<span class="token operator">-</span>get remove nvidia<span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">*</span> 
sudo apt<span class="token operator">-</span>get remove nvidia<span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">*</span> 
sudo apt-get remove nvidia-*

然后重新在软件和更新的附加驱动处安装nvidia驱动即可。


sudo gedit /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf 
sudo gedit /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf 
sudo gedit /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf

在 blacklist.conf 文件中，最后一行输入：


blacklist vga16fb blacklist nouveau blacklist rivafb blacklist rivatv blacklist nvidiafb 
blacklist vga16fb blacklist nouveau blacklist rivafb blacklist rivatv blacklist nvidiafb 
blacklist vga16fb blacklist nouveau blacklist rivafb blacklist rivatv blacklist nvidiafb


 sudo update-initramfs -u 
 sudo update-initramfs -u 
 sudo update-initramfs -u


sudo reboot 
sudo reboot 
sudo reboot


sudo service lightdm stop sudo ./NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-xxx.xx.run --uninstall 
sudo service lightdm stop sudo ./NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-xxx.xx.run --uninstall 
sudo service lightdm stop sudo ./NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-xxx.xx.run --uninstall

这时会出现If you plan to no longer use NVIDIA driver, you should make sure that no X screens are configured to use the NVIDIA X driver in your X configuration file. If you used nvidia-xconfig to configure X, it may have created a backup of you original configuration. Would you like to run 'nvidia-xconfig --restore-original-backup' to attempt restoration of the original X configuration file?
选择’No‘，随后点击’OK‘。


sudo chmod 777 NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-xxx.xx.run sudo ./NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-xxx.xx.run 
sudo chmod 777 NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-xxx.xx.run sudo ./NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-xxx.xx.run 
sudo chmod 777 NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-xxx.xx.run sudo ./NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-xxx.xx.run

安装过程中有些选项要选择，依次选择：Continue installation、No、No、Yes、OK。


sudo service lightdm start 
sudo service lightdm start 
sudo service lightdm start

ctrl+alt+f7 返回


nvidia<span class="token operator">-</span>smi nvidia<span class="token operator">-</span>settings 
nvidia<span class="token operator">-</span>smi nvidia<span class="token operator">-</span>settings 
nvidia-smi nvidia-settings

显示驱动的动态信息，输入：


nvidia-smi --loop=1 
nvidia-smi --loop=1 
nvidia-smi --loop=1

可以看到显卡是在工作的。


sudo add-apt-repository <span class="token property">ppa</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>apandada1/brightness-controller sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install brightness-controller-simple 
sudo add-apt-repository <span class="token property">ppa</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>apandada1/brightness-controller sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install brightness-controller-simple 
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:apandada1/brightness-controller sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install brightness-controller-simple

然后可以将它固定在任务栏里随时调节。


sudo gedit /etc/default/grub 
sudo gedit /etc/default/grub 
sudo gedit /etc/default/grub


sudo update-grub 
sudo update-grub 
sudo update-grub

打开终端：


sudo apt-get install ntpdate sudo ntpdate time.windows.com sudo hwclock --localtime --systohc 
sudo apt-get install ntpdate sudo ntpdate time.windows.com sudo hwclock --localtime --systohc 
sudo apt-get install ntpdate sudo ntpdate time.windows.com sudo hwclock --localtime --systohc

使用以下命令：


gnome-system-monitor 
gnome-system-monitor 
gnome-system-monitor

或者：


top 
top 
top

方法一：进入 tty 终端。
(1) ctrl+alt+f1 进入 tty1 终端字符界面，输入用户名和密码以登录。
(2) 输入 top 命令，找到可能造成假死的进程，用kill命令结束掉进程。然后 ctrl+alt+f7 回到桌面。

方法二：直接注销用户。
(1) ctrl+alt+f1 进入 tty1 终端字符界面，输入用户名和密码以登录。
(2) 执行以下的任意一个命令注销桌面重新登录。


sudo pkill Xorg 
sudo pkill Xorg 
sudo pkill Xorg


sudo restart lightdm 
sudo restart lightdm 
sudo restart lightdm

方法三：底层方法 (reisub)
这是一种系统请求, 直接交给内核处理。


Ctrl + Alt + SysRq + r<span class="token punctuation">,</span>e<span class="token punctuation">,</span>i<span class="token punctuation">,</span>s<span class="token punctuation">,</span>u<span class="token punctuation">,</span>b <span class="token punctuation">(</span>SysRq 即 PrintScreen<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
Ctrl + Alt + SysRq + r<span class="token punctuation">,</span>e<span class="token punctuation">,</span>i<span class="token punctuation">,</span>s<span class="token punctuation">,</span>u<span class="token punctuation">,</span>b <span class="token punctuation">(</span>SysRq 即 PrintScreen<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
Ctrl + Alt + SysRq + r,e,i,s,u,b (SysRq 即 PrintScreen)

等几秒钟，计算机就会安全重启。

内核清除须谨慎，确保已安装新内核。


uname -r 
uname -r 
uname -r


sudo dpkg --get-selections | grep linux 
sudo dpkg --get-selections | grep linux 
sudo dpkg --get-selections | grep linux


sudo apt-get purge linux-xxx-版本号 
sudo apt-get purge linux-xxx-版本号 
sudo apt-get purge linux-xxx-版本号


sudo update-grub 
sudo update-grub 
sudo update-grub

原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_46947900/article/details/107514909

声明📢本站内容均来自互联网，归原创作者所有，如有侵权必删除。本站文章皆由CC-4.0协议发布，如无来源则为原创，转载请注明出处。

THE END