1 解锁apt(一般不会有)
如果出现无法运行apt命令,提示E: Could not get lock /var/lib/dpkg/lock(无法获得锁),可以运行以下命令:
sudo rm /var/cache/apt/archives/lock sudo rm /var/lib/dpkg/lock
2 更改至清华源
1) 执行命令:
sudo mv /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak sudo touch /etc/apt/sources.list sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
2) 添加内容如下:
ubuntu16
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
ubuntu18
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
ubuntu20
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
ubuntu22
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
3) 添加完毕后执行命令:
sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get upgrade
3 安装vim
sudo apt-get purge vim-common sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get upgrade sudo apt-get install vim
4 VIM配置
1) VIM插件
链接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1LeMfAr6_3suClaWjFpi-5w
提取码:3bvf
2) VIM背景颜色配置
颜色文件存放于/usr/share/vim/vim73/colors/,比如:
blue.vim default.vim desert.vim evening.vim koehler.vim murphy.vim peachpuff.vim ron.vim slate.vim azellner.vim darkblue.vim delek.vim elflord.vim industry.vim morning.vim pablo.vim shine.vim torte.vim
可以在vim中可以用 :colorscheme 命令查看当前配色模式,用 :colorscheme default修改(default模式),也可以在.vimrc文件中添加语句 colors default,一直生效。
5 安装ssh
1) 执行命令:
sudo apt-get install openssh-server
2) 在 /etc/ssh/sshd_config
文件后面添加:
PermitRootLogin yes
3) 用下面的命令查看ssh是否启动,有sshd,说明ssh服务已经启动:
ps -e|grep ssh sudo service ssh start
4) ssh服务端的默认端口时22,所以要确保22号端口对客户机时开放的,如果打开了防火墙,需要将该端口设为开放,可以参考另一篇文章中的1.4节内容,也可以参照下面的命令:
sudo ufw status sudo ufw allow 22
6 cmake
sudo apt install cmake sudo apt install cmake-qt-gui
执行 cmake-gui
即可启动 cmake 的图形界面;
7 禁用设备
方法一:
在/etc/modprobe.d/下创建文件usb.conf,添加内容install usb-storyage /bin/true
;
方法二:
重命名驱动文件名,即/lib/modules/…/kernel/drivers/usb/storage/usb_storge.ko,禁用时把这个文件重命名为其他的名称就行,取消禁用就把名字改回来,重启生效;
执行lshw
指令,列出当前设备信息,找到network那一栏,下面有configuration的描述,记下driver所对应的值,如:r8188eu,然后在/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf文件中添加语句:blacklist r8188eu,重启生效;
注:lspci -tv
列出所有pci设备,lsusb -tv
列出所有usb设备;
8 添加、删除用户
- 创建用户
useradd -m -s /bin/bash tanrui
- 更改密码
passwd tanrui
- 设置权限
如果要给用户管理员权限,可以修改 /etc/sudoers 文件:tanrui ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL
sudo userdel xxx
在文件 /etc/passwd
中查看该用户是否被删除
Linux将用户名修改后,还需要修改 组名 + 家目录 + UID;
注意: 你需要从要改名的帐号中登出并杀掉该用户的所有进程,要杀掉该用户的所有进程可以执行下面命令:
$ sudo pkill -u 旧用户名 $ sudo pkill -9 -u 旧用户名
-
1 修改用户名
$ usermod -l 新用户 旧用户
这只会更改用户名,而其他的东西,比如用户组、家目录、ID 等都保持不变。
-
2 修改家目录
$ sudo usermod -d /home/新用户名 -m 新用户名
-
3 修改组名
$ groupmod -n 新用户名 旧用户名
-
4 修改UID
$ sudo usermod -u 1000 新用户名
-
5 检查
$ id 新用户名
原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_33236581/article/details/91308974