一、项目环境
公司在实际的生产环境中，需要使用Docker技术在一台主机上创建LNMP服务并运行Wordpress网站平台。然后对此服务进行相关的性能调优和管理工作。
2. 服务器环境
| 容器 | 操作系统 | IP地址 | 主要软件 |
|---|---|---|---|
| nginx | CentOS 7.9 x86_64 | 172.111.0.10 | Docker-Nginx |
| mysql | Centos 7.9 x86_64 | 172.111.0.20 | Docker-Mysql |
| php | Centos 7.9 x86_64 | 172.111.0.30 | Docker-php |
3. 任务需求
（1）使用Docker构建LNMP环境并运行Wordpress网站平台。
（2）限制Nginx容器最多使用500Mb的内存和1G的Swap。
（3）限制Mysql容器写 /dev/sda 的速率为 10 MB/s。
（4）将所有容器进行快照，然后将Docker镜像打包成tar包备份到本地。
二、Linux系统基础镜像
[root@docker ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld [root@docker ~]# setenforce 0 setenforce: SELinux is disabled [root@docker ~]# docker pull centos:7 #从公有仓库中下载centos 7作为系统基础镜像 [root@docker ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE centos 7 eeb6ee3f44bd 4 weeks ago 204MB 三、Nginx
1. 建立工作目录
[root@docker ~]# mkdir /opt/nginx [root@docker ~]# cd /opt/nginx [root@docker nginx]# rz -E rz waiting to receive. #上传nginx安装包nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz [root@docker nginx]# rz -E rz waiting to receive. #上传wordpress服务包wordpress-4.9.4-zh_CN.tar.gz 2. 编写Dockerfile脚本
[root@docker nginx]# vim Dockerfile FROM centos:7 MAINTAINER this is nginx image <lnmp> RUN yum -y install pcre-devel zlib-devel gcc gcc-c++ make;useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx ADD nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz /usr/local/src/ WORKDIR /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.0 RUN ./configure \ --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \ --user=nginx \ --group=nginx \ --with-http_stub_status_module;make -j4 && make install ENV PATH /usr/local/nginx/sbin:$PATH ADD nginx.conf /usr/local/nginx/conf/ ADD wordpress-4.9.4-zh_CN.tar.gz /usr/local/nginx/html RUN chmod 777 -R /usr/local/nginx/html/ EXPOSE 80 VOLUME [ "/usr/local/nginx/html/" ] CMD [ "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx","-g","daemon off;" ] 3. 准备nginx.conf配置文件
[root@docker nginx]# ls Dockerfile nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz nginx.conf wordpress-4.9.4-zh_CN.tar.gz [root@docker nginx]# egrep -v "^(.)*#(.)*$" nginx.conf | grep -v "^$" worker_processes 1; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; sendfile on; keepalive_timeout 65; server { listen 80; server_name localhost; charset utf-8; location / { root html; index index.html index.php; } error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root html; } location ~ \.php$ { root html; fastcgi_pass 172.111.0.30:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; } } } 4. 生成镜像
[root@docker nginx]# docker build -t nginx:lnmp . [root@docker nginx]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx lnmp 35a6404fcfa1 5 seconds ago 522MB centos 7 eeb6ee3f44bd 4 weeks ago 204MB 5. 创建自定义网络
[root@docker nginx]# docker network create --subnet=172.111.0.0/16 --opt "com.docker.network.bridge.name"="docker1" mynetwork 0cbe1bd0bd782bf1c8e69916d99427970196de22deb312f970e01030406d9b45 [root@docker nginx]# docker network ls NETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE dd7a55d01f86 bridge bridge local 63ddf1e359e9 host host local 0cbe1bd0bd78 mynetwork bridge local a4b66a8a6cd2 none null local [root@docker nginx]# ifconfig docker1 docker1: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 172.111.0.1 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 172.111.255.255 ether 02:42:40:dc:e8:1d txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 6. 启动镜像容器
[root@docker nginx]# docker run -d --name nginx -p 80:80 -m 500m --memory-swap 1g --net mynetwork --ip 172.111.0.10 nginx:lnmp 57616d4ea225c82a50b731472b003dabfd681e8dc6c6ef85a9bb2f665354334b [root@docker nginx]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 57616d4ea225 nginx:lnmp "/usr/local/nginx/sb…" 13 seconds ago Up 12 seconds 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, :::80->80/tcp nginx [root@docker nginx]# docker inspect nginx ······ "IPv4Address": "172.111.0.10" ······ 7. 验证nginx
[root@docker nginx]# curl http://192.168.122.10:80 <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Welcome to nginx!</title> <style> body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; } </style> </head> <body> <h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1> <p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and working. Further configuration is required.</p> <p>For online documentation and support please refer to <a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/> Commercial support is available at <a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p> <p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p> </body> </html> 四、Mysql
1. 建立工作目录
[root@docker nginx]# mkdir /opt/mysql [root@docker nginx]# cd /opt/mysql/ [root@docker mysql]# rz -E rz waiting to receive. #传入mysql安装包mysql-boost-5.7.20.tar.gz 2. 编写Dockerfile
[root@docker mysql]# vim Dockerfile FROM centos:7 MAINTAINER this is mysql image <lnmp> RUN yum -y install ncurses ncurses-devel bison cmake pcre-devel zlib-devel gcc gcc-c++ make;useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql ADD mysql-boost-5.7.20.tar.gz /usr/local/src/ WORKDIR /usr/local/src/mysql-5.7.20/ RUN cmake \ -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \ -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \ -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \ -DSYSTEMD_PID_DIR=/usr/local/mysql \ -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \ -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \ -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all \ -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \ -DWITH_BOOST=boost \ -DWITH_SYSTEMD=1;make -j4;make install ADD my.cnf /etc/my.cnf EXPOSE 3306 RUN chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/;chown mysql:mysql /etc/my.cnf WORKDIR /usr/local/mysql/bin/ RUN ./mysqld \ --initialize-insecure \ --user=mysql \ --basedir=/usr/local/mysql \ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data;cp /usr/local/mysql/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/;systemctl enable mysqld ENV PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib:$PATH VOLUME [ "/usr/local/mysql" ] CMD ["/usr/sbin/init"] 3. 准备my.cnf文件
[root@docker mysql]# vim my.cnf [client] port = 3306 socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock [mysqld] user = mysql basedir=/usr/local/mysql datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data port = 3306 character-set-server=utf8 pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock bind-address = 0.0.0.0 skip-name-resolve max_connections=2048 default-storage-engine=INNODB max_allowed_packet=16M server-id = 1 sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,PIPES_AS_CONCAT,ANSI_QUOTES 4. 生成镜像
[root@docker mysql]# docker build -t mysql:lnmp . [root@docker mysql]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE mysql lnmp 49da8f7299af 3 minutes ago 9.98GB nginx lnmp 35a6404fcfa1 17 minutes ago 522MB centos 7 eeb6ee3f44bd 4 weeks ago 204MB 5. 启动镜像容器
[root@docker mysql]# docker run --name=mysql -d --privileged --device-write-bps /dev/sda:10M -v /usr/local/mysql --net mynetwork --ip 172.111.0.20 mysql:lnmp ebafbdc1c4dcfc49406a7db8ee5a2afc54f5b4203d11ad374dba885ec4ef5afd [root@docker mysql]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES ebafbdc1c4dc mysql:lnmp "/usr/sbin/init" 11 seconds ago Up 10 seconds 3306/tcp mysql 57616d4ea225 nginx:lnmp "/usr/local/nginx/sb…" 17 minutes ago Up 17 minutes 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, :::80->80/tcp nginx 6. 验证mysql
[root@docker mysql]# docker exec -it mysql bash [root@ebafbdc1c4dc bin]# systemctl status mysqld ● mysqld.service - MySQL Server Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: activating (start) since Sun 2021-10-17 05:54:59 UTC; 42s ago ······ 五、Php
1. 建立工作目录
[root@docker mysql]# mkdir ../php [root@docker mysql]# cd ../php/ [root@docker php]# rz -E rz waiting to receive. #传入php安装包php-7.1.10.tar.bz2 2. 编写Dockerfile脚本
[root@docker php]# vim Dockerfile FROM centos:7 MAINTAINER this is php image <lnmp> RUN yum install -y gd \ libjpeg libjpeg-devel \ libpng libpng-devel \ freetype freetype-devel \ libxml2 libxml2-devel \ zlib zlib-devel \ curl curl-devel \ openssl openssl-devel \ gcc gcc-c++ make pcre-devel;useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx ADD php-7.1.10.tar.bz2 /usr/local/src/ WORKDIR /usr/local/src/php-7.1.10 RUN ./configure \ --prefix=/usr/local/php \ --with-mysql-sock=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \ --with-mysqli \ --with-zlib \ --with-curl \ --with-gd \ --with-jpeg-dir \ --with-png-dir \ --with-freetype-dir \ --with-openssl \ --enable-fpm \ --enable-mbstring \ --enable-xml \ --enable-session \ --enable-ftp \ --enable-pdo \ --enable-tokenizer \ --enable-zip ; make -j 4 ; make install ENV PATH /usr/local/php/bin:/usr/local/php/sbin:$PATH ADD php.ini /usr/local/php/lib/ ADD php-fpm.conf /usr/local/php/etc/ ADD www.conf /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/ EXPOSE 9000 CMD /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm -F 3. 准备php.ini、php-fpm.conf、www.conf配置文件
从其他机器安装php后，scp配置文件到容器宿主机并进行修改
3.1 php.ini
该配置文件模板位于安装目录的php-7.1.10/php.ini-development位置
[root@docker php]# vim php.ini #939行,取消注释，修改 date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai #1170行,修改 mysqli.default_socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock [root@docker php]# egrep -v "^;" php.ini | egrep -v "^$" [PHP] engine = On short_open_tag = Off precision = 14 output_buffering = 4096 zlib.output_compression = Off implicit_flush = Off unserialize_callback_func = serialize_precision = -1 disable_functions = disable_classes = zend.enable_gc = On expose_php = On max_execution_time = 30 max_input_time = 60 memory_limit = 128M error_reporting = E_ALL display_errors = On display_startup_errors = On log_errors = On log_errors_max_len = 1024 ignore_repeated_errors = Off ignore_repeated_source = Off report_memleaks = On track_errors = On html_errors = On variables_order = "GPCS" request_order = "GP" register_argc_argv = Off auto_globals_jit = On post_max_size = 8M auto_prepend_file = auto_append_file = default_mimetype = "text/html" default_charset = "UTF-8" doc_root = user_dir = enable_dl = Off file_uploads = On upload_max_filesize = 2M max_file_uploads = 20 allow_url_fopen = On allow_url_include = Off default_socket_timeout = 60 [CLI Server] cli_server.color = On [Date] date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai [filter] [iconv] [intl] [sqlite3] [Pcre] [Pdo] [Pdo_mysql] pdo_mysql.cache_size = 2000 pdo_mysql.default_socket= [Phar] [mail function] SMTP = localhost smtp_port = 25 mail.add_x_header = On [SQL] sql.safe_mode = Off [ODBC] odbc.allow_persistent = On odbc.check_persistent = On odbc.max_persistent = -1 odbc.max_links = -1 odbc.defaultlrl = 4096 odbc.defaultbinmode = 1 [Interbase] ibase.allow_persistent = 1 ibase.max_persistent = -1 ibase.max_links = -1 ibase.timestampformat = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S" ibase.dateformat = "%Y-%m-%d" ibase.timeformat = "%H:%M:%S" [MySQLi] mysqli.max_persistent = -1 mysqli.allow_persistent = On mysqli.max_links = -1 mysqli.cache_size = 2000 mysqli.default_port = 3306 mysqli.default_socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock mysqli.default_host = mysqli.default_user = mysqli.default_pw = mysqli.reconnect = Off [mysqlnd] mysqlnd.collect_statistics = On mysqlnd.collect_memory_statistics = On [OCI8] [PostgreSQL] pgsql.allow_persistent = On pgsql.auto_reset_persistent = Off pgsql.max_persistent = -1 pgsql.max_links = -1 pgsql.ignore_notice = 0 pgsql.log_notice = 0 [bcmath] bcmath.scale = 0 [browscap] [Session] session.save_handler = files session.use_strict_mode = 0 session.use_cookies = 1 session.use_only_cookies = 1 session.name = PHPSESSID session.auto_start = 0 session.cookie_lifetime = 0 session.cookie_path = / session.cookie_domain = session.cookie_httponly = session.serialize_handler = php session.gc_probability = 1 session.gc_divisor = 1000 session.gc_maxlifetime = 1440 session.referer_check = session.cache_limiter = nocache session.cache_expire = 180 session.use_trans_sid = 0 session.sid_length = 26 session.trans_sid_tags = "a=href,area=href,frame=src,form=" session.sid_bits_per_character = 5 [Assertion] zend.assertions = 1 [COM] [mbstring] [gd] [exif] [Tidy] tidy.clean_output = Off [soap] soap.wsdl_cache_enabled=1 soap.wsdl_cache_dir="/tmp" soap.wsdl_cache_ttl=86400 soap.wsdl_cache_limit = 5 [sysvshm] [ldap] ldap.max_links = -1 [mcrypt] [dba] [opcache] [curl] [openssl] 3.2 php-fpm.conf
该配置文件位于/usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default
[root@docker php]# vim php-fpm.conf #17行，删除注释符号“;” pid = run/php-fpm.pid [root@docker php]# egrep -v "^;" php-fpm.conf | egrep -v "^$" [global] pid = run/php-fpm.pid include=/usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf 3.3 www.conf
该配置文件位于usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default
[root@docker php]# vim www.conf #23、24行，修改用户和组 user = nginx group = nginx #36行，修改监听IP和端口为容器IP:9000端口 listen = 172.111.0.30:9000 [root@docker php]# egrep -v "^;" www.conf | egrep -v "^$" [www] user = nginx group = nginx listen = 172.111.0.30:9000 pm = dynamic pm.max_children = 5 pm.start_servers = 2 pm.min_spare_servers = 1 pm.max_spare_servers = 3 4. 生成镜像
[root@docker php]# docker build -t php:lnmp . [root@docker php]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE php lnmp 985842f961f1 About a minute ago 1.2GB mysql lnmp 49da8f7299af 12 minutes ago 9.98GB nginx lnmp 35a6404fcfa1 26 minutes ago 522MB centos 7 eeb6ee3f44bd 4 weeks ago 204MB 5. 启动镜像容器
[root@docker php]# docker run -itd --name php --net mynetwork --ip 172.111.0.30 -p 9000:9000 --volumes-from nginx --volumes-from mysql php:lnmp 954d8ecdd6c7d47270fe15ce4ad6db9c4a5396f42f9d111315ecee69358a9566 [root@docker php]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 954d8ecdd6c7 php:lnmp "/bin/sh -c '/usr/lo…" 15 seconds ago Up 14 seconds 0.0.0.0:9000->9000/tcp, :::9000->9000/tcp php ebafbdc1c4dc mysql:lnmp "/usr/sbin/init" 8 minutes ago Up 8 minutes 3306/tcp mysql 57616d4ea225 nginx:lnmp "/usr/local/nginx/sb…" 26 minutes ago Up 26 minutes 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, :::80->80/tcp nginx 6. 验证php
[root@docker php]# docker exec -it php bash [root@954d8ecdd6c7 php-7.1.10]# ps -aux USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND root 1 0.0 0.0 113028 9536 pts/0 Ss+ 06:00 0:00 php-fpm: master process (/usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf) nginx 7 0.0 0.0 113028 5780 pts/0 S+ 06:00 0:00 php-fpm: pool www nginx 8 0.0 0.0 113028 5784 pts/0 S+ 06:00 0:00 php-fpm: pool www root 9 0.2 0.0 11828 1888 pts/1 Ss 06:01 0:00 bash root 23 0.0 0.0 51732 1728 pts/1 R+ 06:01 0:00 ps -aux 六、启动wordpress服务
1. mysql授权
[root@ebafbdc1c4dc bin]# mysql -u root -p Enter password: #初始密码为空 mysql> create database wordpress; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> grant all privileges on wordpress.* to 'wordpress'@'%' identified by '123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by '123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) 2. 浏览器访问测试
访问http://192.168.122.10/wordpress/index.php
3. 备份镜像至本地
[root@docker php]# mkdir /opt/lnmp_images [root@docker php]# cd $? -bash: cd: 0: 没有那个文件或目录 [root@docker php]# cd /opt/lnmp_images/ [root@docker lnmp_images]# docker save -o nginx.tar nginx:lnmp [root@docker lnmp_images]# docker save -o mysql.tar mysql:lnmp [root@docker lnmp_images]# docker save -o php.tar php:lnmp 原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_57339745/article/details/121735661?ops_request_misc=%257B%2522request%255Fid%2522%253A%2522168994567316800225523234%2522%252C%2522scm%2522%253A%252220140713.130102334.pc%255Fblog.%2522%257D&request_id=168994567316800225523234&biz_id=0&utm_medium=distribute.pc_search_result.none-task-blog-2~blog~first_rank_ecpm_v1~times_rank-13-121735661-null-null.268%5Ev1%5Ekoosearch&utm_term=docker%E3%80%81wordpress%E3%80%81wordpress%E5%BB%BA%E7%AB%99%E3%80%81wordpress%E4%B8%BB%E9%A2%98%E3%80%81%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8%E9%95%9C%E5%83%8F%E3%80%81
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