微信小程序开发实战与心得

微信小程序开发实战与心得

微信小程序作为一种轻量级的移动应用开发框架，广泛应用于各种业务场景中。我在最近的项目中使用了微信小程序开发框架，这是我关于微信小程序开发的一些实战经验和心得。

微信小程序是一种不需要下载安装即可使用的应用，它实现了应用“触手可及”的概念，用户扫一扫或者搜一下即可打开应用。同时，它也反应了“用完即走”的理念，用户不用关心是否安装太多应用的问题。

开发环境的搭建主要包括安装微信开发者工具，注册并登录微信公众平台创建小程序，下载并导入项目模板等步骤。具体操作可以参考微信公众平台的官方文档。

微信小程序由一系列页面组成，每个页面由WXML（用于描述页面结构）、WXSS（用于描述页面样式）和JavaScript（用于处理页面逻辑）三部分组成。

在实际开发过程中，我采用的方法是首先根据设计稿在WXML和WXSS中编写页面的布局和样式，然后在JavaScript中处理页面的交互逻辑。

这里是一个简单的页面结构示例：

<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>view</span> <span class="token attr-name">class</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>container<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>text</span> <span class="token attr-name">class</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>title<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>{<!-- -->{title}}<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>text</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>button</span> <span class="token attr-name">bindtap</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>handleClick<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>点击我<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>button</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>view</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> 
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>view</span> <span class="token attr-name">class</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>container<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>text</span> <span class="token attr-name">class</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>title<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>{<!-- -->{title}}<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>text</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>button</span> <span class="token attr-name">bindtap</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>handleClick<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>点击我<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>button</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>view</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> 
<view class="container"> <text class="title">{{title}}</text> <button bindtap="handleClick">点击我</button> </view> 

相应的样式如下：

<span class="token selector">code.container</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span> <span class="token property">display</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> flex<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">flex-direction</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> column<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">align-items</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> center<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">justify-content</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> center<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">padding</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 20px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token selector">.title</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span> <span class="token property">font-size</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 20px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> #333<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token selector">button</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span> <span class="token property">margin-top</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 20px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> 
<span class="token selector">code.container</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span> <span class="token property">display</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> flex<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">flex-direction</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> column<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">align-items</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> center<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">justify-content</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> center<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">padding</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 20px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token selector">.title</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span> <span class="token property">font-size</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 20px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> #333<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token selector">button</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span> <span class="token property">margin-top</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 20px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> 
code.container { display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; justify-content: center; padding: 20px; } .title { font-size: 20px; color: #333; } button { margin-top: 20px; } 

在JavaScript中处理页面逻辑：

<span class="token function">codePage</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span> <span class="token literal-property property">data</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span> <span class="token literal-property property">title</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'欢迎来到我的小程序'</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token function">handleClick</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setData</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span> <span class="token literal-property property">title</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'你点击了按钮'</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> 
<span class="token function">codePage</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span> <span class="token literal-property property">data</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span> <span class="token literal-property property">title</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'欢迎来到我的小程序'</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token function">handleClick</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setData</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span> <span class="token literal-property property">title</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'你点击了按钮'</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> 
codePage({ data: { title: '欢迎来到我的小程序' }, handleClick() { this.setData({ title: '你点击了按钮' }); } }); 

微信小程序提供了丰富的API，可以满足绝大部分的应用需求。在我的项目中，我主要使用了网络请求API和本地存储API。

例如，我使用wx.request API进行网络请求：

codewx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">request</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span> <span class="token literal-property property">url</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'https://example.com/data'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">method</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'GET'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token function">success</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">res</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>res<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> 
codewx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">request</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span> <span class="token literal-property property">url</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'https://example.com/data'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">method</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'GET'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token function">success</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">res</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>res<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> 
codewx.request({ url: 'https://example.com/data', method: 'GET', success(res) { console.log(res.data); } }); 

使用wx.setStorage和wx.getStorage API进行本地存储：

codewx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setStorage</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span> <span class="token literal-property property">key</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'key'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">data</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'value'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token function">success</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span> wx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getStorage</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span> <span class="token literal-property property">key</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'key'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token function">success</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">res</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>res<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> 
codewx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setStorage</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span> <span class="token literal-property property">key</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'key'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">data</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'value'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token function">success</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span> wx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getStorage</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span> <span class="token literal-property property">key</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'key'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token function">success</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">res</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>res<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> 
codewx.setStorage({ key: 'key', data: 'value', success() { wx.getStorage({ key: 'key', success(res) { console.log(res.data); } }); } }); 

在开发过程中，我遇到的一个主要问题是异步编程的问题。由于JavaScript是单线程的，所以它需要使用异步操作来处理耗时的任务，如网络请求。我使用Promise和async/await来解决这个问题。

此外，我还优化了页面的加载速度。我采用了懒加载和分包加载等技术，以减少首屏加载的时间。

通过这次微信小程序的开发经验，我深入理解了微信小程序的开发流程和原理，同时也对JavaScript的异步编程有了更深的理解。我相信这些经验将对我未来的开发工作大有裨益。

参考资料：

原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/ACMLETUSGO/article/details/131074289