使用Dockerfile构建Docker镜像-陌上烟雨遥

Dockfile是一种被Docker程序解释的脚本，Dockerfile由一条一条的指令组成，每条指令对应Linux下面的一条命令。Docker程序将这些Dockerfile指令翻译真正的Linux命令。Dockerfile有自己书写格式和支持的命令，Docker程序解决这些命令间的依赖关系，类似于Makefile。Docker程序将读取Dockerfile，根据指令生成定制的image。相比image这种黑盒子，Dockerfile这种显而易见的脚本更容易被使用者接受，它明确的表明image是怎么产生的。有了Dockerfile，当我们需要定制自己额外的需求时，只需在Dockerfile上添加或者修改指令，重新生成image即可，省去了敲命令的麻烦。

Dockerfile的指令是忽略大小写的，建议使用大写，使用#作为注释，每一行只支持一条指令，每条指令可以携带多个参数。

Dockerfile的指令根据作用可以分为两种，构建指令和设置指令。构建指令用于构建image，其指定的操作不会在运行image的容器上执行；设置指令用于设置image的属性，其指定的操作将在运行image的容器中执行。

(1). FROM（指定基础image）

构建指令，必须指定且需要在Dockerfile其他指令的前面。后续的指令都依赖于该指令指定的image。FROM指令指定的基础image可以是官方远程仓库中的，也可以位于本地仓库。

该指令有两种格式：

FROM

指定基础image为该image的最后修改的版本。或者：

FROM :

指定基础image为该image的一个tag版本。

(2). MAINTAINER（用来指定镜像创建者信息）

构建指令，用于将image的制作者相关的信息写入到image中。当我们对该image执行docker inspect命令时，输出中有相应的字段记录该信息。

指令格式：

MAINTAINER

(3). RUN（安装软件用）

构建指令，RUN可以运行任何被基础image支持的命令。如基础image选择了ubuntu，那么软件管理部分只能使用ubuntu的命令。

RUN命令将在当前image中执行任意合法命令并提交执行结果。命令执行提交后，就会自动执行Dockerfile中的下一个指令。
层级 RUN 指令和生成提交是符合Docker核心理念的做法。它允许像版本控制那样，在任意一个点，对image 镜像进行定制化构建。
RUN 指令缓存不会在下个命令执行时自动失效。比如 RUN apt-get dist-upgrade -y 的缓存就可能被用于下一个指令. –no-cache 标志可以被用于强制取消缓存使用。
指令格式：

RUN (the command is run in a shell – /bin/sh -c)
RUN [“executable”, “param1”, “param2” … ] (exec form)

(4). CMD（设置container启动时执行的操作）

设置指令，用于container启动时指定的操作。该操作可以是执行自定义脚本，也可以是执行系统命令。该指令只能在文件中存在一次，如果有多个，则只执行最后一条。

该指令有三种格式：

CMD [“executable”,“param1”,“param2”] (like an exec, this is the preferred form)
CMD command param1 param2 (as a shell)

当Dockerfile指定了ENTRYPOINT，那么使用下面的格式：

CMD [“param1”,“param2”] (as default parameters to ENTRYPOINT)

ENTRYPOINT指定的是一个可执行的脚本或者程序的路径，该指定的脚本或者程序将会以param1和param2作为参数执行。所以如果CMD指令使用上面的形式，那么Dockerfile中必须要有配套的ENTRYPOINT。

(5). ENTRYPOINT（设置container启动时执行的操作）

设置指令，指定容器启动时执行的命令，可以多次设置，但是只有最后一个有效。

两种格式:


ENTRYPOINT <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"executable"</span>, <span class="token string">"param1"</span>, <span class="token string">"param2"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>like an exec, the preferred form<span class="token punctuation">)</span> ENTRYPOINT <span class="token builtin class-name">command</span> param1 param2 <span class="token punctuation">(</span>as a shell<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
ENTRYPOINT <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"executable"</span>, <span class="token string">"param1"</span>, <span class="token string">"param2"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>like an exec, the preferred form<span class="token punctuation">)</span> ENTRYPOINT <span class="token builtin class-name">command</span> param1 param2 <span class="token punctuation">(</span>as a shell<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
ENTRYPOINT ["executable", "param1", "param2"] (like an exec, the preferred form) ENTRYPOINT command param1 param2 (as a shell)

该指令的使用分为两种情况，一种是独自使用，另一种和CMD指令配合使用。

当独自使用时，如果你还使用了CMD命令且CMD是一个完整的可执行的命令，那么CMD指令和ENTRYPOINT会互相覆盖只有最后一个CMD或者ENTRYPOINT有效。


 CMD <span class="token builtin class-name">echo</span> “Hello, World<span class="token operator">!</span>” ENTRYPOINT <span class="token function">ls</span> -l 
 CMD <span class="token builtin class-name">echo</span> “Hello, World<span class="token operator">!</span>” ENTRYPOINT <span class="token function">ls</span> -l 
 CMD echo “Hello, World!” ENTRYPOINT ls -l

另一种用法和CMD指令配合使用来指定ENTRYPOINT的默认参数，这时CMD指令不是一个完整的可执行命令，仅仅是参数部分；ENTRYPOINT指令只能使用JSON方式指定执行命令，而不能指定参数。


FROM ubuntu CMD <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"-l"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> ENTRYPOINT <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"/usr/bin/ls"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> 
FROM ubuntu CMD <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"-l"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> ENTRYPOINT <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"/usr/bin/ls"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> 
FROM ubuntu CMD ["-l"] ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/bin/ls"]

(6). USER（设置container容器的用户）

设置指令，设置启动容器的用户，默认是root用户。


 ENTRYPOINT <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"memcached"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token environment constant">USER</span> daemon 或 ENTRYPOINT <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"memcached"</span>, <span class="token string">"-u"</span>, <span class="token string">"daemon"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> 
 ENTRYPOINT <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"memcached"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token environment constant">USER</span> daemon 或 ENTRYPOINT <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"memcached"</span>, <span class="token string">"-u"</span>, <span class="token string">"daemon"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> 
 ENTRYPOINT ["memcached"] USER daemon 或 ENTRYPOINT ["memcached", "-u", "daemon"]

(7). EXPOSE（指定容器需要映射到宿主机器的端口）

**设置指令，该指令会将容器中的端口映射成宿主机器中的某个端口。**当你需要访问容器的时候，可以不是用容器的IP地址而是使用宿主机器的IP地址和映射后的端口。要完成整个操作需要两个步骤，首先在Dockerfile使用EXPOSE设置需要映射的容器端口，然后在运行容器的时候指定-p选项加上EXPOSE设置的端口，这样EXPOSE设置的端口号会被随机映射成宿主机器中的一个端口号。也可以指定需要映射到宿主机器的那个端口，这时要确保宿主机器上的端口号没有被使用。EXPOSE指令可以一次设置多个端口号，相应的运行容器的时候，可以配套的多次使用-p选项。

指令格式：

EXPOSE […]


 EXPOSE port1  docker run -p port1 image  EXPOSE port1 port2 port3  docker run -p port1 -p port2 -p port3 image  docker run -p host_port1:port1 -p host_port2:port2 -p host_port3:port3 image 
 EXPOSE port1  docker run -p port1 image  EXPOSE port1 port2 port3  docker run -p port1 -p port2 -p port3 image  docker run -p host_port1:port1 -p host_port2:port2 -p host_port3:port3 image 
 EXPOSE port1  docker run -p port1 image  EXPOSE port1 port2 port3  docker run -p port1 -p port2 -p port3 image  docker run -p host_port1:port1 -p host_port2:port2 -p host_port3:port3 image

端口映射是docker比较重要的一个功能，原因在于我们每次运行容器的时候容器的IP地址不能指定而是在桥接网卡的地址范围内随机生成的。宿主机器的IP地址是固定的，我们可以将容器的端口的映射到宿主机器上的一个端口，免去每次访问容器中的某个服务时都要查看容器的IP的地址。对于一个运行的容器，可以使用docker port加上容器中需要映射的端口和容器的ID来查看该端口号在宿主机器上的映射端口。

(8). ENV（用于设置环境变量）

ENV指令可以用于为docker容器设置环境变量
ENV设置的环境变量，可以使用docker inspect命令来查看。同时还可以使用docker run –env =来修改环境变量。
格式：

ENV

设置了后，后续的RUN命令都可以使用，container启动后，可以通过docker inspect查看这个环境变量，也可以通过在docker run –env key=value时设置或修改环境变量。

假如你安装了JAVA程序，需要设置JAVA_HOME，那么可以在Dockerfile中这样写：

ENV JAVA_HOME /path/to/java/dirent

(9). ADD（从src复制文件到container的dest路径）

**构建指令，所有拷贝到container中的文件和文件夹权限为0755，uid和gid为0；**如果是一个目录，那么会将该目录下的所有文件添加到container中，不包括目录；如果文件是可识别的压缩格式，则docker会帮忙解压缩（注意压缩格式）；如果是文件且中不使用斜杠结束，则会将视为文件，的内容会写入；如果是文件且中使用斜杠结束，则会文件拷贝到目录下。

格式：

ADD

是相对被构建的源目录的相对路径，可以是文件或目录的路径，也可以是一个远程的文件url;
是container中的绝对路径

(10). VOLUME (指定挂载点)

创建一个可以从本地主机或其他容器挂载的挂载点，一般用来存放数据库和需要保持的数据等。

Volume设置指令，使容器中的一个目录具有持久化存储数据的功能，该目录可以被容器本身使用，也可以共享给其他容器使用。我们知道容器使用的是AUFS，这种文件系统不能持久化数据，当容器关闭后，所有的更改都会丢失。当容器中的应用有持久化数据的需求时可以在Dockerfile中使用该指令。

格式：

VOLUME [“”]

例如：

FROM base
VOLUME [“/tmp/data”]
运行通过该Dockerfile生成image的容器，/tmp/data目录中的数据在容器关闭后，里面的数据还存在。例如另一个容器也有持久化数据的需求，且想使用上面容器共享的/tmp/data目录，那么可以运行下面的命令启动一个容器：

docker run -t -i -rm -volumes-from container1 image2 bash
说明：container1为第一个容器的ID，image2为第二个容器运行image的名字。

(11). WORKDIR（切换目录）

设置指令，可以多次切换(相当于cd命令)，对RUN,CMD,ENTRYPOINT生效。

格式：

WORKDIR /path/to/workdir

示例：


 WORKDIR /p1 WORKDIR p2 RUN <span class="token function">vim</span> a.txt 
 WORKDIR /p1 WORKDIR p2 RUN <span class="token function">vim</span> a.txt 
 WORKDIR /p1 WORKDIR p2 RUN vim a.txt

(12). ONBUILD（在子镜像中执行）

ONBUILD 指定的命令在构建镜像时并不执行，而是在它的子镜像中执行。

格式：

ONBUILD <Dockerfile关键字>

(13). COPY(复制本地主机的src文件为container的dest)

复制本地主机的src文件（为Dockerfile所在目录的相对路径、文件或目录）到container的dest。目标路径不存在时，会自动创建。

格式：

COPY

当使用本地目录为源目录时，推荐使用COPY

(14). ARG(设置构建镜像时变量)

ARG指令在Docker1.9版本才加入的新指令，ARG 定义的变量只在建立 image 时有效，建立完成后变量就失效消失

格式：

ARG =

(15). LABEL(定义标签)

定义一个 image 标签 Owner，并赋值，其值为变量 Name 的值。

格式：

LABEL Owner=$Name

Dockerfile文件


 FROM ubuntu:13.10  MAINTAINER zhangjiayang <span class="token string">"zhangjiayang@sczq.com.cn"</span>   RUN <span class="token builtin class-name">echo</span> <span class="token string">"deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main universe"</span><span class="token operator">></span> /etc/apt/sources.list  RUN <span class="token function">apt-get</span> update  RUN <span class="token function">apt-get</span> -y <span class="token function">install</span> <span class="token function">curl</span>  RUN <span class="token builtin class-name">cd</span> /tmp <span class="token operator">&&</span> <span class="token function">curl</span> -L <span class="token string">'http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/7u65-b17/jdk-7u65-linux-x64.tar.gz'</span> -H <span class="token string">'Cookie: oraclelicense=accept-securebackup-cookie; gpw_e24=Dockerfile'</span> <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token function">tar</span> -xz RUN <span class="token function">mkdir</span> -p /usr/lib/jvm RUN <span class="token function">mv</span> /tmp/jdk1.7.0_65/ /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-oracle/  RUN update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/java java /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-oracle/bin/java <span class="token number">300</span> RUN update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/javac javac /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-oracle/bin/javac <span class="token number">300</span>  ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-oracle/  RUN <span class="token builtin class-name">cd</span> /tmp <span class="token operator">&&</span> <span class="token function">curl</span> -L <span class="token string">'http://archive.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-7/v7.0.8/bin/apache-tomcat-7.0.8.tar.gz'</span> <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token function">tar</span> -xz RUN <span class="token function">mv</span> /tmp/apache-tomcat-7.0.8/ /opt/tomcat7/ ENV CATALINA_HOME /opt/tomcat7 ENV <span class="token environment constant">PATH</span> <span class="token environment constant">$PATH</span><span class="token builtin class-name">:</span><span class="token variable">$CATALINA_HOME</span>/bin  ADD tomcat7.sh /etc/init.d/tomcat7 RUN <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token number">755</span> /etc/init.d/tomcat7  EXPOSE <span class="token number">8080</span>  ENTRYPOINT <span class="token function">service</span> tomcat7 start <span class="token operator">&&</span> <span class="token function">tail</span> -f /opt/tomcat7/logs/catalina.out 
 FROM ubuntu:13.10  MAINTAINER zhangjiayang <span class="token string">"zhangjiayang@sczq.com.cn"</span>   RUN <span class="token builtin class-name">echo</span> <span class="token string">"deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main universe"</span><span class="token operator">></span> /etc/apt/sources.list  RUN <span class="token function">apt-get</span> update  RUN <span class="token function">apt-get</span> -y <span class="token function">install</span> <span class="token function">curl</span>  RUN <span class="token builtin class-name">cd</span> /tmp <span class="token operator">&&</span> <span class="token function">curl</span> -L <span class="token string">'http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/7u65-b17/jdk-7u65-linux-x64.tar.gz'</span> -H <span class="token string">'Cookie: oraclelicense=accept-securebackup-cookie; gpw_e24=Dockerfile'</span> <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token function">tar</span> -xz RUN <span class="token function">mkdir</span> -p /usr/lib/jvm RUN <span class="token function">mv</span> /tmp/jdk1.7.0_65/ /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-oracle/  RUN update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/java java /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-oracle/bin/java <span class="token number">300</span> RUN update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/javac javac /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-oracle/bin/javac <span class="token number">300</span>  ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-oracle/  RUN <span class="token builtin class-name">cd</span> /tmp <span class="token operator">&&</span> <span class="token function">curl</span> -L <span class="token string">'http://archive.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-7/v7.0.8/bin/apache-tomcat-7.0.8.tar.gz'</span> <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token function">tar</span> -xz RUN <span class="token function">mv</span> /tmp/apache-tomcat-7.0.8/ /opt/tomcat7/ ENV CATALINA_HOME /opt/tomcat7 ENV <span class="token environment constant">PATH</span> <span class="token environment constant">$PATH</span><span class="token builtin class-name">:</span><span class="token variable">$CATALINA_HOME</span>/bin  ADD tomcat7.sh /etc/init.d/tomcat7 RUN <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token number">755</span> /etc/init.d/tomcat7  EXPOSE <span class="token number">8080</span>  ENTRYPOINT <span class="token function">service</span> tomcat7 start <span class="token operator">&&</span> <span class="token function">tail</span> -f /opt/tomcat7/logs/catalina.out 
 FROM ubuntu:13.10  MAINTAINER zhangjiayang "zhangjiayang@sczq.com.cn"   RUN echo "deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main universe"> /etc/apt/sources.list  RUN apt-get update  RUN apt-get -y install curl  RUN cd /tmp && curl -L 'http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/7u65-b17/jdk-7u65-linux-x64.tar.gz' -H 'Cookie: oraclelicense=accept-securebackup-cookie; gpw_e24=Dockerfile' | tar -xz RUN mkdir -p /usr/lib/jvm RUN mv /tmp/jdk1.7.0_65/ /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-oracle/  RUN update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/java java /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-oracle/bin/java 300 RUN update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/javac javac /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-oracle/bin/javac 300  ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-oracle/  RUN cd /tmp && curl -L 'http://archive.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-7/v7.0.8/bin/apache-tomcat-7.0.8.tar.gz' | tar -xz RUN mv /tmp/apache-tomcat-7.0.8/ /opt/tomcat7/ ENV CATALINA_HOME /opt/tomcat7 ENV PATH $PATH:$CATALINA_HOME/bin  ADD tomcat7.sh /etc/init.d/tomcat7 RUN chmod 755 /etc/init.d/tomcat7  EXPOSE 8080  ENTRYPOINT service tomcat7 start && tail -f /opt/tomcat7/logs/catalina.out

tomcat7.sh命令文件


<span class="token builtin class-name">export</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">JAVA_HOME</span><span class="token operator">=</span>/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-oracle/ <span class="token builtin class-name">export</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">TOMCAT_HOME</span><span class="token operator">=</span>/opt/tomcat7 <span class="token keyword">case</span> <span class="token variable">$1</span> <span class="token keyword">in</span> start<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token function">sh</span> <span class="token variable">$TOMCAT_HOME</span>/bin/startup.sh <span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> stop<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token function">sh</span> <span class="token variable">$TOMCAT_HOME</span>/bin/shutdown.sh <span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> restart<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token function">sh</span> <span class="token variable">$TOMCAT_HOME</span>/bin/shutdown.sh <span class="token function">sh</span> <span class="token variable">$TOMCAT_HOME</span>/bin/startup.sh <span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">esac</span> <span class="token builtin class-name">exit</span> <span class="token number">0</span> 
<span class="token builtin class-name">export</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">JAVA_HOME</span><span class="token operator">=</span>/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-oracle/ <span class="token builtin class-name">export</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">TOMCAT_HOME</span><span class="token operator">=</span>/opt/tomcat7 <span class="token keyword">case</span> <span class="token variable">$1</span> <span class="token keyword">in</span> start<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token function">sh</span> <span class="token variable">$TOMCAT_HOME</span>/bin/startup.sh <span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> stop<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token function">sh</span> <span class="token variable">$TOMCAT_HOME</span>/bin/shutdown.sh <span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> restart<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token function">sh</span> <span class="token variable">$TOMCAT_HOME</span>/bin/shutdown.sh <span class="token function">sh</span> <span class="token variable">$TOMCAT_HOME</span>/bin/startup.sh <span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">esac</span> <span class="token builtin class-name">exit</span> <span class="token number">0</span> 
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-oracle/ export TOMCAT_HOME=/opt/tomcat7 case $1 in start) sh $TOMCAT_HOME/bin/startup.sh ;; stop) sh $TOMCAT_HOME/bin/shutdown.sh ;; restart) sh $TOMCAT_HOME/bin/shutdown.sh sh $TOMCAT_HOME/bin/startup.sh ;; esac exit 0

根据配置完的dockerfile构建Docker镜像，并启动docker容器。


docker build -t wechat-tomcat. docker run -d -p <span class="token number">8090</span>:8080 wechat-tomcat 
docker build -t wechat-tomcat. docker run -d -p <span class="token number">8090</span>:8080 wechat-tomcat 
docker build -t wechat-tomcat. docker run -d -p 8090:8080 wechat-tomcat

默认情况下，tomcat会占用8080端口，所以在启动container的时候，指定了 -p 8090:8080，映射到宿主机端口就是8090。

示例1：构建Wordpress + nginx运行环境


 FROM ubuntu:14.04  MAINTAINER Eugene Ware <span class="token operator"><</span>eugene@noblesamurai.com<span class="token operator">></span>  RUN dpkg-divert --local --rename --add /sbin/initctl RUN <span class="token function">ln</span> -sf /bin/true /sbin/initctl  ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND noninteractive RUN <span class="token function">apt-get</span> update RUN <span class="token function">apt-get</span> -y upgrade  RUN <span class="token function">apt-get</span> -y <span class="token function">install</span> mysql-server mysql-client nginx php5-fpm php5-mysql php-apc pwgen python-setuptools <span class="token function">curl</span> <span class="token function">git</span> <span class="token function">unzip</span>  RUN <span class="token function">apt-get</span> -y <span class="token function">install</span> php5-curl php5-gd php5-intl php-pear php5-imagick php5-imap php5-mcrypt php5-memcache php5-ming php5-ps php5-pspell php5-recode php5-sqlite php5-tidy php5-xmlrpc php5-xsl  RUN <span class="token function">sed</span> -i -e<span class="token string">"s/^bind-address\s*=\s*127.0.0.1/bind-address = 0.0.0.0/"</span> /etc/mysql/my.cnf  RUN <span class="token function">sed</span> -i -e<span class="token string">"s/keepalive_timeout\s*65/keepalive_timeout 2/"</span> /etc/nginx/nginx.conf RUN <span class="token function">sed</span> -i -e<span class="token string">"s/keepalive_timeout 2/keepalive_timeout 2;<span class="token entity" title="\n">\n</span><span class="token entity" title="\t">\t</span>client_max_body_size 100m/"</span> /etc/nginx/nginx.conf RUN <span class="token builtin class-name">echo</span> <span class="token string">"daemon off;"</span> <span class="token operator">>></span> /etc/nginx/nginx.conf  RUN <span class="token function">sed</span> -i -e <span class="token string">"s/;cgi.fix_pathinfo=1/cgi.fix_pathinfo=0/g"</span> /etc/php5/fpm/php.ini RUN <span class="token function">sed</span> -i -e <span class="token string">"s/upload_max_filesize\s*=\s*2M/upload_max_filesize = 100M/g"</span> /etc/php5/fpm/php.ini RUN <span class="token function">sed</span> -i -e <span class="token string">"s/post_max_size\s*=\s*8M/post_max_size = 100M/g"</span> /etc/php5/fpm/php.ini RUN <span class="token function">sed</span> -i -e <span class="token string">"s/;daemonize\s*=\s*yes/daemonize = no/g"</span> /etc/php5/fpm/php-fpm.conf RUN <span class="token function">sed</span> -i -e <span class="token string">"s/;catch_workers_output\s*=\s*yes/catch_workers_output = yes/g"</span> /etc/php5/fpm/pool.d/www.conf RUN <span class="token function">find</span> /etc/php5/cli/conf.d/ -name <span class="token string">"*.ini"</span> -exec <span class="token function">sed</span> -i -re <span class="token string">'s/^(\s*)#(.*)/<span class="token entity" title="\1">\1</span>;<span class="token entity" title="\2">\2</span>/g'</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">\</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>  ADD ./nginx-site.conf /etc/nginx/sites-available/default  RUN /usr/bin/easy_install supervisor RUN /usr/bin/easy_install supervisor-stdout ADD ./supervisord.conf /etc/supervisord.conf  ADD https://wordpress.org/latest.tar.gz /usr/share/nginx/latest.tar.gz RUN <span class="token builtin class-name">cd</span> /usr/share/nginx/ <span class="token operator">&&</span> <span class="token function">tar</span> xvf latest.tar.gz <span class="token operator">&&</span> <span class="token function">rm</span> latest.tar.gz RUN <span class="token function">mv</span> /usr/share/nginx/html/5* /usr/share/nginx/wordpress RUN <span class="token function">rm</span> -rf /usr/share/nginx/www RUN <span class="token function">mv</span> /usr/share/nginx/wordpress /usr/share/nginx/www RUN <span class="token function">chown</span> -R www-data:www-data /usr/share/nginx/www  ADD ./start.sh /start.sh RUN <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token number">755</span> /start.sh  EXPOSE <span class="token number">3306</span> EXPOSE <span class="token number">80</span>  VOLUME <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"/var/lib/mysql"</span>, <span class="token string">"/usr/share/nginx/www"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>  CMD <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"/bin/bash"</span>, <span class="token string">"/start.sh"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> 
 FROM ubuntu:14.04  MAINTAINER Eugene Ware <span class="token operator"><</span>eugene@noblesamurai.com<span class="token operator">></span>  RUN dpkg-divert --local --rename --add /sbin/initctl RUN <span class="token function">ln</span> -sf /bin/true /sbin/initctl  ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND noninteractive RUN <span class="token function">apt-get</span> update RUN <span class="token function">apt-get</span> -y upgrade  RUN <span class="token function">apt-get</span> -y <span class="token function">install</span> mysql-server mysql-client nginx php5-fpm php5-mysql php-apc pwgen python-setuptools <span class="token function">curl</span> <span class="token function">git</span> <span class="token function">unzip</span>  RUN <span class="token function">apt-get</span> -y <span class="token function">install</span> php5-curl php5-gd php5-intl php-pear php5-imagick php5-imap php5-mcrypt php5-memcache php5-ming php5-ps php5-pspell php5-recode php5-sqlite php5-tidy php5-xmlrpc php5-xsl  RUN <span class="token function">sed</span> -i -e<span class="token string">"s/^bind-address\s*=\s*127.0.0.1/bind-address = 0.0.0.0/"</span> /etc/mysql/my.cnf  RUN <span class="token function">sed</span> -i -e<span class="token string">"s/keepalive_timeout\s*65/keepalive_timeout 2/"</span> /etc/nginx/nginx.conf RUN <span class="token function">sed</span> -i -e<span class="token string">"s/keepalive_timeout 2/keepalive_timeout 2;<span class="token entity" title="\n">\n</span><span class="token entity" title="\t">\t</span>client_max_body_size 100m/"</span> /etc/nginx/nginx.conf RUN <span class="token builtin class-name">echo</span> <span class="token string">"daemon off;"</span> <span class="token operator">>></span> /etc/nginx/nginx.conf  RUN <span class="token function">sed</span> -i -e <span class="token string">"s/;cgi.fix_pathinfo=1/cgi.fix_pathinfo=0/g"</span> /etc/php5/fpm/php.ini RUN <span class="token function">sed</span> -i -e <span class="token string">"s/upload_max_filesize\s*=\s*2M/upload_max_filesize = 100M/g"</span> /etc/php5/fpm/php.ini RUN <span class="token function">sed</span> -i -e <span class="token string">"s/post_max_size\s*=\s*8M/post_max_size = 100M/g"</span> /etc/php5/fpm/php.ini RUN <span class="token function">sed</span> -i -e <span class="token string">"s/;daemonize\s*=\s*yes/daemonize = no/g"</span> /etc/php5/fpm/php-fpm.conf RUN <span class="token function">sed</span> -i -e <span class="token string">"s/;catch_workers_output\s*=\s*yes/catch_workers_output = yes/g"</span> /etc/php5/fpm/pool.d/www.conf RUN <span class="token function">find</span> /etc/php5/cli/conf.d/ -name <span class="token string">"*.ini"</span> -exec <span class="token function">sed</span> -i -re <span class="token string">'s/^(\s*)#(.*)/<span class="token entity" title="\1">\1</span>;<span class="token entity" title="\2">\2</span>/g'</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">\</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>  ADD ./nginx-site.conf /etc/nginx/sites-available/default  RUN /usr/bin/easy_install supervisor RUN /usr/bin/easy_install supervisor-stdout ADD ./supervisord.conf /etc/supervisord.conf  ADD https://wordpress.org/latest.tar.gz /usr/share/nginx/latest.tar.gz RUN <span class="token builtin class-name">cd</span> /usr/share/nginx/ <span class="token operator">&&</span> <span class="token function">tar</span> xvf latest.tar.gz <span class="token operator">&&</span> <span class="token function">rm</span> latest.tar.gz RUN <span class="token function">mv</span> /usr/share/nginx/html/5* /usr/share/nginx/wordpress RUN <span class="token function">rm</span> -rf /usr/share/nginx/www RUN <span class="token function">mv</span> /usr/share/nginx/wordpress /usr/share/nginx/www RUN <span class="token function">chown</span> -R www-data:www-data /usr/share/nginx/www  ADD ./start.sh /start.sh RUN <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token number">755</span> /start.sh  EXPOSE <span class="token number">3306</span> EXPOSE <span class="token number">80</span>  VOLUME <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"/var/lib/mysql"</span>, <span class="token string">"/usr/share/nginx/www"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>  CMD <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"/bin/bash"</span>, <span class="token string">"/start.sh"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> 
 FROM ubuntu:14.04  MAINTAINER Eugene Ware <eugene@noblesamurai.com>  RUN dpkg-divert --local --rename --add /sbin/initctl RUN ln -sf /bin/true /sbin/initctl  ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND noninteractive RUN apt-get update RUN apt-get -y upgrade  RUN apt-get -y install mysql-server mysql-client nginx php5-fpm php5-mysql php-apc pwgen python-setuptools curl git unzip  RUN apt-get -y install php5-curl php5-gd php5-intl php-pear php5-imagick php5-imap php5-mcrypt php5-memcache php5-ming php5-ps php5-pspell php5-recode php5-sqlite php5-tidy php5-xmlrpc php5-xsl  RUN sed -i -e"s/^bind-address\s*=\s*127.0.0.1/bind-address = 0.0.0.0/" /etc/mysql/my.cnf  RUN sed -i -e"s/keepalive_timeout\s*65/keepalive_timeout 2/" /etc/nginx/nginx.conf RUN sed -i -e"s/keepalive_timeout 2/keepalive_timeout 2;\n\tclient_max_body_size 100m/" /etc/nginx/nginx.conf RUN echo "daemon off;" >> /etc/nginx/nginx.conf  RUN sed -i -e "s/;cgi.fix_pathinfo=1/cgi.fix_pathinfo=0/g" /etc/php5/fpm/php.ini RUN sed -i -e "s/upload_max_filesize\s*=\s*2M/upload_max_filesize = 100M/g" /etc/php5/fpm/php.ini RUN sed -i -e "s/post_max_size\s*=\s*8M/post_max_size = 100M/g" /etc/php5/fpm/php.ini RUN sed -i -e "s/;daemonize\s*=\s*yes/daemonize = no/g" /etc/php5/fpm/php-fpm.conf RUN sed -i -e "s/;catch_workers_output\s*=\s*yes/catch_workers_output = yes/g" /etc/php5/fpm/pool.d/www.conf RUN find /etc/php5/cli/conf.d/ -name "*.ini" -exec sed -i -re 's/^(\s*)#(.*)/\1;\2/g' {} \;  ADD ./nginx-site.conf /etc/nginx/sites-available/default  RUN /usr/bin/easy_install supervisor RUN /usr/bin/easy_install supervisor-stdout ADD ./supervisord.conf /etc/supervisord.conf  ADD https://wordpress.org/latest.tar.gz /usr/share/nginx/latest.tar.gz RUN cd /usr/share/nginx/ && tar xvf latest.tar.gz && rm latest.tar.gz RUN mv /usr/share/nginx/html/5* /usr/share/nginx/wordpress RUN rm -rf /usr/share/nginx/www RUN mv /usr/share/nginx/wordpress /usr/share/nginx/www RUN chown -R www-data:www-data /usr/share/nginx/www  ADD ./start.sh /start.sh RUN chmod 755 /start.sh  EXPOSE 3306 EXPOSE 80  VOLUME ["/var/lib/mysql", "/usr/share/nginx/www"]  CMD ["/bin/bash", "/start.sh"]

示例2：构建Ruby on Rails环境


 FROM fcat/ubuntu-universe:12.04  RUN <span class="token function">apt-get</span> -qy <span class="token function">install</span> <span class="token function">git</span> <span class="token function">vim</span> tmux  RUN <span class="token function">apt-get</span> -qy <span class="token function">install</span> ruby1.9.1 ruby1.9.1-dev build-essential libpq-dev libv8-dev libsqlite3-dev  RUN gem <span class="token function">install</span> bundler   RUN adduser --disabled-password --home<span class="token operator">=</span>/rails --gecos <span class="token string">""</span> rails    ADD docrails/guides/code/getting_started /rails  RUN <span class="token function">chown</span> rails -R /rails   ADD scripts/setup /setup RUN <span class="token function">su</span> rails -c /setup  ADD scripts/start /start EXPOSE <span class="token number">3000</span>  <span class="token environment constant">USER</span> rails  CMD /start 
 FROM fcat/ubuntu-universe:12.04  RUN <span class="token function">apt-get</span> -qy <span class="token function">install</span> <span class="token function">git</span> <span class="token function">vim</span> tmux  RUN <span class="token function">apt-get</span> -qy <span class="token function">install</span> ruby1.9.1 ruby1.9.1-dev build-essential libpq-dev libv8-dev libsqlite3-dev  RUN gem <span class="token function">install</span> bundler   RUN adduser --disabled-password --home<span class="token operator">=</span>/rails --gecos <span class="token string">""</span> rails    ADD docrails/guides/code/getting_started /rails  RUN <span class="token function">chown</span> rails -R /rails   ADD scripts/setup /setup RUN <span class="token function">su</span> rails -c /setup  ADD scripts/start /start EXPOSE <span class="token number">3000</span>  <span class="token environment constant">USER</span> rails  CMD /start 
 FROM fcat/ubuntu-universe:12.04  RUN apt-get -qy install git vim tmux  RUN apt-get -qy install ruby1.9.1 ruby1.9.1-dev build-essential libpq-dev libv8-dev libsqlite3-dev  RUN gem install bundler   RUN adduser --disabled-password --home=/rails --gecos "" rails    ADD docrails/guides/code/getting_started /rails  RUN chown rails -R /rails   ADD scripts/setup /setup RUN su rails -c /setup  ADD scripts/start /start EXPOSE 3000  USER rails  CMD /start

示例3：构建Nginx运行环境


 FROM sameersbn/ubuntu:14.04.20161014  MAINTAINER sameer@damagehead.com  ENV <span class="token assign-left variable">RTMP_VERSION</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1.1</span>.10 <span class="token punctuation">\</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">NPS_VERSION</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1.11</span>.33.4 <span class="token punctuation">\</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">LIBAV_VERSION</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">11.8</span> <span class="token punctuation">\</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">NGINX_VERSION</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1.10</span>.1 <span class="token punctuation">\</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">NGINX_USER</span><span class="token operator">=</span>www-data <span class="token punctuation">\</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">NGINX_SITECONF_DIR</span><span class="token operator">=</span>/etc/nginx/sites-enabled <span class="token punctuation">\</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">NGINX_LOG_DIR</span><span class="token operator">=</span>/var/log/nginx <span class="token punctuation">\</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">NGINX_TEMP_DIR</span><span class="token operator">=</span>/var/lib/nginx <span class="token punctuation">\</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">NGINX_SETUP_DIR</span><span class="token operator">=</span>/var/cache/nginx  ARG <span class="token assign-left variable">BUILD_LIBAV</span><span class="token operator">=</span>false ARG <span class="token assign-left variable">WITH_DEBUG</span><span class="token operator">=</span>false ARG <span class="token assign-left variable">WITH_PAGESPEED</span><span class="token operator">=</span>true ARG <span class="token assign-left variable">WITH_RTMP</span><span class="token operator">=</span>true  COPY setup/ <span class="token variable">${NGINX_SETUP_DIR}</span>/ RUN <span class="token function">bash</span> <span class="token variable">${NGINX_SETUP_DIR}</span>/install.sh  COPY nginx.conf /etc/nginx/nginx.conf COPY entrypoint.sh /sbin/entrypoint.sh  RUN <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token number">755</span> /sbin/entrypoint.sh  EXPOSE <span class="token number">80</span>/tcp <span class="token number">443</span>/tcp <span class="token number">1935</span>/tcp  VOLUME <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"<span class="token variable">${NGINX_SITECONF_DIR}</span>"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> ENTRYPOINT <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"/sbin/entrypoint.sh"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> CMD <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"/usr/sbin/nginx"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> 
 FROM sameersbn/ubuntu:14.04.20161014  MAINTAINER sameer@damagehead.com  ENV <span class="token assign-left variable">RTMP_VERSION</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1.1</span>.10 <span class="token punctuation">\</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">NPS_VERSION</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1.11</span>.33.4 <span class="token punctuation">\</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">LIBAV_VERSION</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">11.8</span> <span class="token punctuation">\</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">NGINX_VERSION</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1.10</span>.1 <span class="token punctuation">\</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">NGINX_USER</span><span class="token operator">=</span>www-data <span class="token punctuation">\</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">NGINX_SITECONF_DIR</span><span class="token operator">=</span>/etc/nginx/sites-enabled <span class="token punctuation">\</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">NGINX_LOG_DIR</span><span class="token operator">=</span>/var/log/nginx <span class="token punctuation">\</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">NGINX_TEMP_DIR</span><span class="token operator">=</span>/var/lib/nginx <span class="token punctuation">\</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">NGINX_SETUP_DIR</span><span class="token operator">=</span>/var/cache/nginx  ARG <span class="token assign-left variable">BUILD_LIBAV</span><span class="token operator">=</span>false ARG <span class="token assign-left variable">WITH_DEBUG</span><span class="token operator">=</span>false ARG <span class="token assign-left variable">WITH_PAGESPEED</span><span class="token operator">=</span>true ARG <span class="token assign-left variable">WITH_RTMP</span><span class="token operator">=</span>true  COPY setup/ <span class="token variable">${NGINX_SETUP_DIR}</span>/ RUN <span class="token function">bash</span> <span class="token variable">${NGINX_SETUP_DIR}</span>/install.sh  COPY nginx.conf /etc/nginx/nginx.conf COPY entrypoint.sh /sbin/entrypoint.sh  RUN <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token number">755</span> /sbin/entrypoint.sh  EXPOSE <span class="token number">80</span>/tcp <span class="token number">443</span>/tcp <span class="token number">1935</span>/tcp  VOLUME <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"<span class="token variable">${NGINX_SITECONF_DIR}</span>"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> ENTRYPOINT <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"/sbin/entrypoint.sh"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> CMD <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"/usr/sbin/nginx"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> 
 FROM sameersbn/ubuntu:14.04.20161014  MAINTAINER sameer@damagehead.com  ENV RTMP_VERSION=1.1.10 \ NPS_VERSION=1.11.33.4 \ LIBAV_VERSION=11.8 \ NGINX_VERSION=1.10.1 \ NGINX_USER=www-data \ NGINX_SITECONF_DIR=/etc/nginx/sites-enabled \ NGINX_LOG_DIR=/var/log/nginx \ NGINX_TEMP_DIR=/var/lib/nginx \ NGINX_SETUP_DIR=/var/cache/nginx  ARG BUILD_LIBAV=false ARG WITH_DEBUG=false ARG WITH_PAGESPEED=true ARG WITH_RTMP=true  COPY setup/ ${NGINX_SETUP_DIR}/ RUN bash ${NGINX_SETUP_DIR}/install.sh  COPY nginx.conf /etc/nginx/nginx.conf COPY entrypoint.sh /sbin/entrypoint.sh  RUN chmod 755 /sbin/entrypoint.sh  EXPOSE 80/tcp 443/tcp 1935/tcp  VOLUME ["${NGINX_SITECONF_DIR}"] ENTRYPOINT ["/sbin/entrypoint.sh"] CMD ["/usr/sbin/nginx"]

示例4：构建Postgres镜像


 FROM sameersbn/ubuntu:14.04.20161014  MAINTAINER sameer@damagehead.com  ENV <span class="token assign-left variable">PG_APP_HOME</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"/etc/docker-postgresql"</span><span class="token punctuation">\</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">PG_VERSION</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">9.5</span> <span class="token punctuation">\</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">PG_USER</span><span class="token operator">=</span>postgres <span class="token punctuation">\</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">PG_HOME</span><span class="token operator">=</span>/var/lib/postgresql <span class="token punctuation">\</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">PG_RUNDIR</span><span class="token operator">=</span>/run/postgresql <span class="token punctuation">\</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">PG_LOGDIR</span><span class="token operator">=</span>/var/log/postgresql <span class="token punctuation">\</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">PG_CERTDIR</span><span class="token operator">=</span>/etc/postgresql/certs ENV <span class="token assign-left variable">PG_BINDIR</span><span class="token operator">=</span>/usr/lib/postgresql/<span class="token variable">${PG_VERSION}</span>/bin <span class="token punctuation">\</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">PG_DATADIR</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token variable">${PG_HOME}</span>/<span class="token variable">${PG_VERSION}</span>/main  RUN <span class="token function">wget</span> --quiet -O - https://www.postgresql.org/media/keys/ACCC4CF8.asc <span class="token operator">|</span> apt-key <span class="token function">add</span> - <span class="token punctuation">\</span> <span class="token operator">&&</span> <span class="token builtin class-name">echo</span> <span class="token string">'deb http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt/ trusty-pgdg main'</span> <span class="token operator">></span> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pgdg.list <span class="token punctuation">\</span> <span class="token operator">&&</span> <span class="token function">apt-get</span> update <span class="token punctuation">\</span> <span class="token operator">&&</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">DEBIAN_FRONTEND</span><span class="token operator">=</span>noninteractive <span class="token function">apt-get</span> <span class="token function">install</span> -y acl <span class="token punctuation">\</span> postgresql-<span class="token variable">${PG_VERSION}</span> postgresql-client-<span class="token variable">${PG_VERSION}</span> postgresql-contrib-<span class="token variable">${PG_VERSION}</span> <span class="token punctuation">\</span> <span class="token operator">&&</span> <span class="token function">ln</span> -sf <span class="token variable">${PG_DATADIR}</span>/postgresql.conf /etc/postgresql/<span class="token variable">${PG_VERSION}</span>/main/postgresql.conf <span class="token punctuation">\</span> <span class="token operator">&&</span> <span class="token function">ln</span> -sf <span class="token variable">${PG_DATADIR}</span>/pg_hba.conf /etc/postgresql/<span class="token variable">${PG_VERSION}</span>/main/pg_hba.conf <span class="token punctuation">\</span> <span class="token operator">&&</span> <span class="token function">ln</span> -sf <span class="token variable">${PG_DATADIR}</span>/pg_ident.conf /etc/postgresql/<span class="token variable">${PG_VERSION}</span>/main/pg_ident.conf <span class="token punctuation">\</span> <span class="token operator">&&</span> <span class="token function">rm</span> -rf <span class="token variable">${PG_HOME}</span> <span class="token punctuation">\</span> <span class="token operator">&&</span> <span class="token function">rm</span> -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* COPY runtime/ <span class="token variable">${PG_APP_HOME}</span>/ COPY entrypoint.sh /sbin/entrypoint.sh RUN <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token number">755</span> /sbin/entrypoint.sh  EXPOSE <span class="token number">5432</span>/tcp  VOLUME <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"<span class="token variable">${PG_HOME}</span>"</span>, <span class="token string">"<span class="token variable">${PG_RUNDIR}</span>"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>  WORKDIR <span class="token variable">${PG_HOME}</span>  ENTRYPOINT <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"/sbin/entrypoint.sh"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> 
 FROM sameersbn/ubuntu:14.04.20161014  MAINTAINER sameer@damagehead.com  ENV <span class="token assign-left variable">PG_APP_HOME</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"/etc/docker-postgresql"</span><span class="token punctuation">\</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">PG_VERSION</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">9.5</span> <span class="token punctuation">\</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">PG_USER</span><span class="token operator">=</span>postgres <span class="token punctuation">\</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">PG_HOME</span><span class="token operator">=</span>/var/lib/postgresql <span class="token punctuation">\</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">PG_RUNDIR</span><span class="token operator">=</span>/run/postgresql <span class="token punctuation">\</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">PG_LOGDIR</span><span class="token operator">=</span>/var/log/postgresql <span class="token punctuation">\</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">PG_CERTDIR</span><span class="token operator">=</span>/etc/postgresql/certs ENV <span class="token assign-left variable">PG_BINDIR</span><span class="token operator">=</span>/usr/lib/postgresql/<span class="token variable">${PG_VERSION}</span>/bin <span class="token punctuation">\</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">PG_DATADIR</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token variable">${PG_HOME}</span>/<span class="token variable">${PG_VERSION}</span>/main  RUN <span class="token function">wget</span> --quiet -O - https://www.postgresql.org/media/keys/ACCC4CF8.asc <span class="token operator">|</span> apt-key <span class="token function">add</span> - <span class="token punctuation">\</span> <span class="token operator">&&</span> <span class="token builtin class-name">echo</span> <span class="token string">'deb http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt/ trusty-pgdg main'</span> <span class="token operator">></span> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pgdg.list <span class="token punctuation">\</span> <span class="token operator">&&</span> <span class="token function">apt-get</span> update <span class="token punctuation">\</span> <span class="token operator">&&</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">DEBIAN_FRONTEND</span><span class="token operator">=</span>noninteractive <span class="token function">apt-get</span> <span class="token function">install</span> -y acl <span class="token punctuation">\</span> postgresql-<span class="token variable">${PG_VERSION}</span> postgresql-client-<span class="token variable">${PG_VERSION}</span> postgresql-contrib-<span class="token variable">${PG_VERSION}</span> <span class="token punctuation">\</span> <span class="token operator">&&</span> <span class="token function">ln</span> -sf <span class="token variable">${PG_DATADIR}</span>/postgresql.conf /etc/postgresql/<span class="token variable">${PG_VERSION}</span>/main/postgresql.conf <span class="token punctuation">\</span> <span class="token operator">&&</span> <span class="token function">ln</span> -sf <span class="token variable">${PG_DATADIR}</span>/pg_hba.conf /etc/postgresql/<span class="token variable">${PG_VERSION}</span>/main/pg_hba.conf <span class="token punctuation">\</span> <span class="token operator">&&</span> <span class="token function">ln</span> -sf <span class="token variable">${PG_DATADIR}</span>/pg_ident.conf /etc/postgresql/<span class="token variable">${PG_VERSION}</span>/main/pg_ident.conf <span class="token punctuation">\</span> <span class="token operator">&&</span> <span class="token function">rm</span> -rf <span class="token variable">${PG_HOME}</span> <span class="token punctuation">\</span> <span class="token operator">&&</span> <span class="token function">rm</span> -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* COPY runtime/ <span class="token variable">${PG_APP_HOME}</span>/ COPY entrypoint.sh /sbin/entrypoint.sh RUN <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token number">755</span> /sbin/entrypoint.sh  EXPOSE <span class="token number">5432</span>/tcp  VOLUME <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"<span class="token variable">${PG_HOME}</span>"</span>, <span class="token string">"<span class="token variable">${PG_RUNDIR}</span>"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>  WORKDIR <span class="token variable">${PG_HOME}</span>  ENTRYPOINT <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"/sbin/entrypoint.sh"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> 
 FROM sameersbn/ubuntu:14.04.20161014  MAINTAINER sameer@damagehead.com  ENV PG_APP_HOME="/etc/docker-postgresql"\ PG_VERSION=9.5 \ PG_USER=postgres \ PG_HOME=/var/lib/postgresql \ PG_RUNDIR=/run/postgresql \ PG_LOGDIR=/var/log/postgresql \ PG_CERTDIR=/etc/postgresql/certs ENV PG_BINDIR=/usr/lib/postgresql/${PG_VERSION}/bin \ PG_DATADIR=${PG_HOME}/${PG_VERSION}/main  RUN wget --quiet -O - https://www.postgresql.org/media/keys/ACCC4CF8.asc | apt-key add - \ && echo 'deb http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt/ trusty-pgdg main' > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pgdg.list \ && apt-get update \ && DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y acl \ postgresql-${PG_VERSION} postgresql-client-${PG_VERSION} postgresql-contrib-${PG_VERSION} \ && ln -sf ${PG_DATADIR}/postgresql.conf /etc/postgresql/${PG_VERSION}/main/postgresql.conf \ && ln -sf ${PG_DATADIR}/pg_hba.conf /etc/postgresql/${PG_VERSION}/main/pg_hba.conf \ && ln -sf ${PG_DATADIR}/pg_ident.conf /etc/postgresql/${PG_VERSION}/main/pg_ident.conf \ && rm -rf ${PG_HOME} \ && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* COPY runtime/ ${PG_APP_HOME}/ COPY entrypoint.sh /sbin/entrypoint.sh RUN chmod 755 /sbin/entrypoint.sh  EXPOSE 5432/tcp  VOLUME ["${PG_HOME}", "${PG_RUNDIR}"]  WORKDIR ${PG_HOME}  ENTRYPOINT ["/sbin/entrypoint.sh"]

使用.dockerignore文件
为了在docker build过程中更快上传和更加高效，应该使用一个.dockerignore文件用来排除构建镜像时不需要的文件或目录。例如,除非.git在构建过程中需要用到，否则你应该将它添加到.dockerignore文件中，这样可以节省很多时间。

避免安装不必要的软件包
为了降低复杂性、依赖性、文件大小以及构建时间，应该避免安装额外的或不必要的包。例如，不需要在一个数据库镜像中安装一个文本编辑器。

每个容器都跑一个进程
在大多数情况下，一个容器应该只单独跑一个程序。解耦应用到多个容器使其更容易横向扩展和重用。如果一个服务依赖另外一个服务，可以参考 Linking Containers Together。

最小化层
我们知道每执行一个指令，都会有一次镜像的提交，镜像是分层的结构，对于 Dockerfile，应该找到可读性和最小化层之间的平衡。

多行参数排序
如果可能，通过字母顺序来排序，这样可以避免安装包的重复并且更容易更新列表，另外可读性也会更强，添加一个空行使用 \ 换行:


RUN <span class="token function">apt-get</span> update <span class="token operator">&&</span> <span class="token function">apt-get</span> <span class="token function">install</span> -y <span class="token punctuation">\</span> bzr <span class="token punctuation">\</span> cvs <span class="token punctuation">\</span> <span class="token function">git</span> <span class="token punctuation">\</span> mercurial <span class="token punctuation">\</span> subversion 
RUN <span class="token function">apt-get</span> update <span class="token operator">&&</span> <span class="token function">apt-get</span> <span class="token function">install</span> -y <span class="token punctuation">\</span> bzr <span class="token punctuation">\</span> cvs <span class="token punctuation">\</span> <span class="token function">git</span> <span class="token punctuation">\</span> mercurial <span class="token punctuation">\</span> subversion 
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \ bzr \ cvs \ git \ mercurial \ subversion

创建缓存
镜像构建过程中会按照 Dockerfile 的顺序依次执行，每执行一次指令 Docker 会寻找是否有存在的镜像缓存可复用，如果没有则创建新的镜像。如果不想使用缓存，则可以在docker build 时添加–no-cache=true选项。

从基础镜像开始就已经在缓存中了，下一个指令会对比所有的子镜像寻找是否执行相同的指令，如果没有则缓存失效。在大多数情况下只对比 Dockerfile 指令和子镜像就足够了。ADD 和 COPY 指令除外，执行 ADD 和 COPY 时存放到镜像的文件也是需要检查的，完成一个文件的校验之后再利用这个校验在缓存中查找，如果检测的文件改变则缓存失效。RUN apt-get -y update命令只检查命令是否匹配，如果匹配就不会再执行更新了。

为了有效地利用缓存，你需要保持你的Dockerfile一致，并且尽量在末尾修改。

原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/wangliang888888/article/details/130763656?ops_request_misc=%257B%2522request%255Fid%2522%253A%2522168994567316782427435997%2522%252C%2522scm%2522%253A%252220140713.130102334.pc%255Fblog.%2522%257D&request_id=168994567316782427435997&biz_id=0&utm_medium=distribute.pc_search_result.none-task-blog-2~blog~first_rank_ecpm_v1~times_rank-17-130763656-null-null.268%5Ev1%5Ekoosearch&utm_term=docker%E3%80%81wordpress%E3%80%81wordpress%E5%BB%BA%E7%AB%99%E3%80%81wordpress%E4%B8%BB%E9%A2%98%E3%80%81%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8%E9%95%9C%E5%83%8F%E3%80%81

声明📢本站内容均来自互联网，归原创作者所有，如有侵权必删除。本站文章皆由CC-4.0协议发布，如无来源则为原创，转载请注明出处。

THE END